On the Significance of Ageostrophic Meridional Eddy-Induced Heat Flux in the Surface Ocean of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Eddy-induced heat flux (EHF) convergence plays an important role in balancing the cooling of mean flows in the heat budget of Southern Ocean. This study investigates the EHF in the Southern Ocean and the surface ocean heat budget over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) estimated through a high-resolution ocean assimilation product. In contrast to previous studies in which the estimation of the EHF in the Southern Ocean was based on the assumption that mesoscale eddies are quasi-geostrophic turbulence, we find that more than one third of the total meridional EHF in the surface layer is attributed to ageostrophic currents of eddies, and that the ageostrophic component of the EHF convergence is as important as its geostrophic component for the surface ocean heat budget over the ACC. In particular, the ageostrophic meridional EHF convergence accounts for 22% of the warming needed to balance the cooling from the mean flows during winter, equivalent to warming the surface ocean of the ACC by 0.14° C. The ageostrophic meridional EHF is likely caused by the stirring effect of ageostrophic secondary circulations in mesoscale eddies, which are induced by the turbulent thermal wind balance to restore the vertical shear of the upper layer in mesoscale eddies destructed by intense winter winds.