Kameryn N. Furiness, Yasmeen S. El Ansari, Hans C. Oettgen, C. Kanagaratham
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However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that both allergen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies can counter the activating effects of IgE antibodies on mast cells. Most notably, both antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies are induced in the course of oral immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the role of mast cells in food allergy, both as inducers of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and as adjuvants for type 2 adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, we summarize current understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies on IgE-induced mast cell activation and effector function. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
食物过敏是对通常无害的食物蛋白抗原产生的一组不良免疫反应,是一个日益普遍的公共健康问题。最常见的食物过敏形式是 IgE 介导的食物过敏,即食物抗原诱导肥大细胞表面的高亲和性 IgE 受体 FcεRI 交联,引发炎症介质的释放,导致多种临床表现,包括全身性过敏性休克。肥大细胞在对食物的适应性免疫中也发挥着关键作用,是食物抗原驱动的 Th2 细胞反应的佐剂。虽然近年来食物过敏的诊断和治疗有所改善,但目前还没有治疗方法。不过,有新的证据表明,过敏原特异性 IgA 和 IgG 抗体可以抵消 IgE 抗体对肥大细胞的激活作用。最值得注意的是,在口服免疫疗法过程中,抗原特异性 IgA 和 IgG 抗体都会被诱导。在这篇综述中,我们强调了肥大细胞在食物过敏中的作用,它既是即刻超敏反应的诱导物,也是 2 型适应性免疫反应的佐剂。此外,我们还总结了目前对抗原特异性 IgA 和 IgG 抗体对 IgE 诱导的肥大细胞活化和效应功能的免疫调节作用的认识。更全面地了解 IgA 和 IgG 在食物过敏中的调控作用,有助于深入了解摄入抗原对免疫反应的生理调控,并为过敏性疾病的治疗提供新策略。
Allergen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies as inhibitors of mast cell function in food allergy
Food allergy, a group of adverse immune responses to normally innocuous food protein antigens, is an increasingly prevalent public health issue. The most common form is IgE-mediated food allergy in which food antigen-induced crosslinking of the high-affinity IgE-receptor, FcεRI, on the surface of mast cells triggers the release of inflammatory mediators that contribute to a wide range of clinical manifestations, including systemic anaphylaxis. Mast cells also play a critical function in adaptive immunity to foods, acting as adjuvants for food-antigen driven Th2 cell responses. While the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy has improved in recent years, no curative treatments are currently available. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that both allergen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies can counter the activating effects of IgE antibodies on mast cells. Most notably, both antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies are induced in the course of oral immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the role of mast cells in food allergy, both as inducers of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and as adjuvants for type 2 adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, we summarize current understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies on IgE-induced mast cell activation and effector function. A more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of IgA and IgG in food allergy may provide insights into physiologic regulation of immune responses to ingested antigens and could seed novel strategies to treat allergic disease.