政策评估中的低成本系统应用:柏林案例研究

A. Caseiro, Seán Schmitz, Andreas Kerschbaumer, Erika von Schneidemesser
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摘要

地方政策是决策者改善空气质量的工具箱中的一部分,但其有效性却未得到充分评估和报告。我们评估了关闭柏林市中心一条街道对当地空气污染的影响。我们使用低成本传感器系统对实施政策的街道和两条平行街道上的二氧化氮(NO2)进行了测量,该系统根据参考级仪器进行定期校准,并受到被动采样器的限制。此外,还使用安装在移动平台上的参考级仪器对二氧化氮进行了进一步测量。根据城市背景对浓度进行了评估,以便将与政策相关的信号与自然波动、长期趋势和 COVID-19 封锁隔离开来。我们的分析表明,干预措施最有可能产生的结果是将工作日的 NO$_2$ 浓度降至城市背景水平。路边的二氧化氮浓度与灯柱上测量到的浓度有很大差异,这说明此类测量很难捕捉到个人暴露量。这些结果对政策有一定的影响,表明对当地交通模式的干预可能会有效改善当地的空气质量。
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Low-cost system application for policy assessment: a case study from Berlin
Local policies are part of the toolbox available to decision makers to improve air quality but their effectiveness is underevaluated and underreported. We evaluate the impact of the closure of a street in the city centre of Berlin on the local air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured on the street where the policy was implemented and on two parallel streets using low-cost sensor systems supported by periodic calibrations against reference-grade instruments and constrained by passive samplers. Further measurements of NO2 were conducted with a reference-grade instrument mounted on a mobile platform. The concentrations were evaluated against the urban background to isolate the policy-related signal from natural fluctuations, long-term trends and the COVID-19 lockdown. Our analysis show that the most likely result of the intervention is a reduced NO$_2$ concentrations to the level of the urban background on weekdays. Kerbside NO2 concentrations exhibited substantial differences to the concentrations measured at lampposts highlighting the difficulty for such measurements to capture personal exposure. The results have implications for policy, showing that an intervention on the local traffic patterns can possibly be effective in improving local air quality.
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