A statewide air quality advisory was issued in Massachusetts for June 6–7, 2023 due to smoke originating from wildfires in Canada. Of particular concern was fine particulate matter, which has an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and has been linked to adverse respiratory outcomes. The objective of this study was to rapidly assess the impact of this wildfire smoke event on respiratory-related emergency department (ED) visits among Massachusetts residents. For exposure, daily air quality index (AQI) data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used. Massachusetts counties, where for each day from June 6–8, 2023, the daily AQI was ≥101 (i.e., unhealthy air quality), were considered exposed. For each exposed period, two unexposed reference periods where AQI<101 (i.e., good or moderate air quality) were identified within the two weeks prior to the exposed period, with the same days of the week and in the same county. Data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health’s syndromic surveillance system were used to examine daily counts of ED visits for asthma, air-quality-related respiratory illness, and all causes by county of residence, age group, race, and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. For each outcome, the numbers of ED visits were compared between the exposed and reference periods. Overall, there were no large increases in ED visits for any conditions examined during this wildfire smoke event. However, residents who were aged 18-64 years, Hispanic/Latino or White experienced small but not statistically significant increases in asthma-related ED visits. These potential differences in the effect on asthma-related ED visits by age and race/ethnicity may be relevant for analyses of future events. This study provides an example of how real-time, publicly available exposure data can be used in conjunction with outcome data from syndromic surveillance to rapidly examine the impact of wildfires and other acute environmental events on health.
{"title":"Using syndromic surveillance to rapidly assess the impact of a June 2023 wildfire smoke event on respiratory-related emergency department visits, Massachusetts, United States","authors":"Kathleen Fitzsimmons, Maya Mahin, Megha Parikh, Rosa Ergas, Jing Guo, Michelle Warner, Michelle Pacheco, Emily Sparer-Fine","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad67fc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad67fc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A statewide air quality advisory was issued in Massachusetts for June 6–7, 2023 due to smoke originating from wildfires in Canada. Of particular concern was fine particulate matter, which has an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and has been linked to adverse respiratory outcomes. The objective of this study was to rapidly assess the impact of this wildfire smoke event on respiratory-related emergency department (ED) visits among Massachusetts residents. For exposure, daily air quality index (AQI) data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used. Massachusetts counties, where for each day from June 6–8, 2023, the daily AQI was ≥101 (i.e., unhealthy air quality), were considered exposed. For each exposed period, two unexposed reference periods where AQI<101 (i.e., good or moderate air quality) were identified within the two weeks prior to the exposed period, with the same days of the week and in the same county. Data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health’s syndromic surveillance system were used to examine daily counts of ED visits for asthma, air-quality-related respiratory illness, and all causes by county of residence, age group, race, and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. For each outcome, the numbers of ED visits were compared between the exposed and reference periods. Overall, there were no large increases in ED visits for any conditions examined during this wildfire smoke event. However, residents who were aged 18-64 years, Hispanic/Latino or White experienced small but not statistically significant increases in asthma-related ED visits. These potential differences in the effect on asthma-related ED visits by age and race/ethnicity may be relevant for analyses of future events. This study provides an example of how real-time, publicly available exposure data can be used in conjunction with outcome data from syndromic surveillance to rapidly examine the impact of wildfires and other acute environmental events on health.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad67fb
Lin-Syuan Yang, Michael J Kleeman, Lara J. Cushing, Jonah Lipsitt, Jason Su, Richard T Burnett, Christina M. Batteate, Claudia L Nau, Deborah R. Young, Sara Y Tartof, Rebecca K Butler, Ariadna Padilla, Michael Jerrett
Growing evidence from ecological studies suggests that chronic exposure to standard air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, and ozone) exacerbates risks of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. This study assessed the associations between an expanded list of air pollutants and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Los Angeles. Annual mean exposure to air pollutants in 2019 including PM0.1 mass, PM2.5 mass, PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), PM2.5 tracer from mobile sources, NO2, and ozone were estimated at the ZIP code level in residential areas throughout Los Angeles. Negative binomial models and a spatial model were used to explore associations between health outcomes and exposures in single pollutant and multi-pollutant models. Exposure to PM0.1 mass, ozone, NO2, and PM2.5 EC were identified as risk factors for COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The results also suggest that PM2.5 and NO2 together may have synergistic effects on harmful COVID-19 outcomes. The study provides localized insights into the spatial and temporal associations between species-specific air pollutants and COVID-19 outcomes, highlighting the potential for policy recommendations to mitigate specific aspects of air pollution to protect public health.
{"title":"Risks of source and species-specific air pollution for COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Los Angeles","authors":"Lin-Syuan Yang, Michael J Kleeman, Lara J. Cushing, Jonah Lipsitt, Jason Su, Richard T Burnett, Christina M. Batteate, Claudia L Nau, Deborah R. Young, Sara Y Tartof, Rebecca K Butler, Ariadna Padilla, Michael Jerrett","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad67fb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad67fb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Growing evidence from ecological studies suggests that chronic exposure to standard air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, and ozone) exacerbates risks of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. This study assessed the associations between an expanded list of air pollutants and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Los Angeles. Annual mean exposure to air pollutants in 2019 including PM0.1 mass, PM2.5 mass, PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), PM2.5 tracer from mobile sources, NO2, and ozone were estimated at the ZIP code level in residential areas throughout Los Angeles. Negative binomial models and a spatial model were used to explore associations between health outcomes and exposures in single pollutant and multi-pollutant models. Exposure to PM0.1 mass, ozone, NO2, and PM2.5 EC were identified as risk factors for COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The results also suggest that PM2.5 and NO2 together may have synergistic effects on harmful COVID-19 outcomes. The study provides localized insights into the spatial and temporal associations between species-specific air pollutants and COVID-19 outcomes, highlighting the potential for policy recommendations to mitigate specific aspects of air pollution to protect public health.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"59 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad5f51
Malcolm N Mistry, A. Gasparrini
The development of innovative tools for real-time monitoring and forecasting of environmental health impacts is central to effective public health interventions and resource allocation strategies. Though a need for such generic tools has been previously echoed by public health planners and regional authorities responsible for issuing anticipatory alerts, a comprehensive, robust and scalable real-time system for predicting temperature-related excess deaths at a local scale has not been developed yet. Filling this gap, we propose a flexible operational framework for coupling publicly available weather forecasts with temperature-mortality risk functions specific to small census-based zones, the latter derived using state-of-the-art environmental epidemiological models. Utilising high-resolution temperature data forecast by a leading European meteorological centre, we demonstrate a real-time application to forecast the excess mortality during the July 2022 heatwave over England and Wales. The output, consisting of expected temperature-related excess deaths at small geographic areas on different lead times, can be automated to generate maps at various spatio-temporal scales, thus facilitating preventive action and allocation of public health resources in advance. While the real-case example discussed here demonstrates an application for predicting (expected) heat-related excess deaths, the framework can also be adapted to other weather-related health risks and to different geographical areas, provided data on both meteorological exposure and the underlying health outcomes are available to calibrate the associated risk functions. The proposed framework addresses an urgent need for predicting the short-term environmental health burden on public health systems globally, especially in low- and middle-income regions, where rapid response to mitigate adverse exposures and impacts to extreme temperatures are often constrained by available resources.
{"title":"Real-time forecast of temperature-related excess mortality at small-area level: towards an operational framework","authors":"Malcolm N Mistry, A. Gasparrini","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad5f51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad5f51","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of innovative tools for real-time monitoring and forecasting of environmental health impacts is central to effective public health interventions and resource allocation strategies. Though a need for such generic tools has been previously echoed by public health planners and regional authorities responsible for issuing anticipatory alerts, a comprehensive, robust and scalable real-time system for predicting temperature-related excess deaths at a local scale has not been developed yet. Filling this gap, we propose a flexible operational framework for coupling publicly available weather forecasts with temperature-mortality risk functions specific to small census-based zones, the latter derived using state-of-the-art environmental epidemiological models. Utilising high-resolution temperature data forecast by a leading European meteorological centre, we demonstrate a real-time application to forecast the excess mortality during the July 2022 heatwave over England and Wales. The output, consisting of expected temperature-related excess deaths at small geographic areas on different lead times, can be automated to generate maps at various spatio-temporal scales, thus facilitating preventive action and allocation of public health resources in advance. While the real-case example discussed here demonstrates an application for predicting (expected) heat-related excess deaths, the framework can also be adapted to other weather-related health risks and to different geographical areas, provided data on both meteorological exposure and the underlying health outcomes are available to calibrate the associated risk functions. The proposed framework addresses an urgent need for predicting the short-term environmental health burden on public health systems globally, especially in low- and middle-income regions, where rapid response to mitigate adverse exposures and impacts to extreme temperatures are often constrained by available resources.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad5eac
Kathleen E. McLean, M. J. Lee, Eric S Coker, Sarah B Henderson
Western North America experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event (EHE) in early summer 2021. In the province of British Columbia (BC), this event was associated with an estimated 740 excess deaths, making it one of the deadliest weather events in Canadian history. This study uses a population-based case-control design to compare 1597 adults (cases) who died during the EHE (25 June–2 July 2021) with 7968 similar adults (controls) who survived. The objective was to identify risk factors for death during the EHE by examining differences in chronic diseases and social vulnerability between the cases and controls. We used care setting, age category, sex, and geographic area of cases to identify comparable surviving controls. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for each chronic disease, adjusted for care setting, age category, sex, and geographic area. We further adjusted for individual-level low-income status to identify changes in the estimated ORs with the addition of this indicator of social vulnerability. The risk factor most strongly associated with EHE mortality was individual-level low income. The fully adjusted OR [95% confidence interval] for receiving income assistance was 2.42 [1.98, 2.95]. The chronic disease most strongly associated with EHE mortality was schizophrenia, with a fully adjusted OR of 1.93 [1.51, 2.45]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, parkinsonism, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, ischemic stroke, and substance use disorder were also associated with significantly higher odds of EHE mortality. These results confirm the roles of social vulnerability, mental illness, and other specific underlying chronic conditions (renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological) in risk of mortality during EHEs. This information is being used to inform policy and planning to reduce risk during future EHEs in BC and across Canada.
{"title":"A population-based case-control analysis of risk factors associated with mortality during the 2021 western North American heat dome: focus on chronic conditions and social vulnerability","authors":"Kathleen E. McLean, M. J. Lee, Eric S Coker, Sarah B Henderson","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad5eac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad5eac","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Western North America experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event (EHE) in early summer 2021. In the province of British Columbia (BC), this event was associated with an estimated 740 excess deaths, making it one of the deadliest weather events in Canadian history. This study uses a population-based case-control design to compare 1597 adults (cases) who died during the EHE (25 June–2 July 2021) with 7968 similar adults (controls) who survived. The objective was to identify risk factors for death during the EHE by examining differences in chronic diseases and social vulnerability between the cases and controls. We used care setting, age category, sex, and geographic area of cases to identify comparable surviving controls. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for each chronic disease, adjusted for care setting, age category, sex, and geographic area. We further adjusted for individual-level low-income status to identify changes in the estimated ORs with the addition of this indicator of social vulnerability. The risk factor most strongly associated with EHE mortality was individual-level low income. The fully adjusted OR [95% confidence interval] for receiving income assistance was 2.42 [1.98, 2.95]. The chronic disease most strongly associated with EHE mortality was schizophrenia, with a fully adjusted OR of 1.93 [1.51, 2.45]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, parkinsonism, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, ischemic stroke, and substance use disorder were also associated with significantly higher odds of EHE mortality. These results confirm the roles of social vulnerability, mental illness, and other specific underlying chronic conditions (renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological) in risk of mortality during EHEs. This information is being used to inform policy and planning to reduce risk during future EHEs in BC and across Canada.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad6209
Suellen Hopfer, Anqi Jiao, Mengyi Li, Anna Lisa Vargas, Jun Wu
Families in unincorporated communities in Southern California’s Eastern Coachella Valley increasingly experience the burden of repeat wildfires and smoke. This study describes their lived wildfire and smoke experiences, health impacts, unique community-level inequities that compound wildfire risk and air quality effects, communication preferences, and resource needs for future wildfire preparedness. A wildfire community vulnerability framework informed the focus group discussion guide, focusing on five domains: personal experiences with wildfires, health impacts, response and mitigation behaviors, community social interactions during wildfire response, and communication preferences for future mitigation. Ten focus groups with 118 participants occurred in spring 2023 with four communities in Eastern Coachella Valley, California. Findings center on narratives of acute wildfire-related experiences, including evacuation and burned trailer homes, acute and chronic physical and mental health impacts of wildfires and smoke, daily life disruptions, staying indoors for protection, and local interactions described as a community strength in responding to fires. Participants from unincorporated, low-income, and monolingual Spanish-speaking communities predominantly consisting of farm workers requested greater emergency preparedness and response information, training and education in Spanish, postfire resources, lower trash service fees, increased enforcement of illegal dumping and burning, and use of multimodal and bilingual communication channels for wildfire, smoke, and wind alerts.
{"title":"Repeat wildfire and smoke experiences shared by four communities in Southern California: local impacts and community needs","authors":"Suellen Hopfer, Anqi Jiao, Mengyi Li, Anna Lisa Vargas, Jun Wu","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad6209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad6209","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Families in unincorporated communities in Southern California’s Eastern Coachella Valley increasingly experience the burden of repeat wildfires and smoke. This study describes their lived wildfire and smoke experiences, health impacts, unique community-level inequities that compound wildfire risk and air quality effects, communication preferences, and resource needs for future wildfire preparedness. A wildfire community vulnerability framework informed the focus group discussion guide, focusing on five domains: personal experiences with wildfires, health impacts, response and mitigation behaviors, community social interactions during wildfire response, and communication preferences for future mitigation. Ten focus groups with 118 participants occurred in spring 2023 with four communities in Eastern Coachella Valley, California. Findings center on narratives of acute wildfire-related experiences, including evacuation and burned trailer homes, acute and chronic physical and mental health impacts of wildfires and smoke, daily life disruptions, staying indoors for protection, and local interactions described as a community strength in responding to fires. Participants from unincorporated, low-income, and monolingual Spanish-speaking communities predominantly consisting of farm workers requested greater emergency preparedness and response information, training and education in Spanish, postfire resources, lower trash service fees, increased enforcement of illegal dumping and burning, and use of multimodal and bilingual communication channels for wildfire, smoke, and wind alerts.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"132 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad6208
Raksha Pandya-Wood, Azliyana Azhari, Hamimatunnisa Johar, Adeline Johns-Putra, Nurfashareena Muhamad, Tin Tin Su
Abstract In Malaysia, climate change typically manifests as frequent and extreme weather events. The effects on human health of such meteorological and ecological imbalances are multiple and diverse. Urgent attention is needed to address the health-related threats facing Malaysia as a result of climate change. This systematic review of available evidence adopted PRISMA guidelines and identified and assessed a broad range of English language empirical, published research and excluded grey literature. Bias and quality of articles was assessed using MMAT. Using the search engines Scopus, Pubmed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO Host Medline, n=374 results were yielded. Of these, after checking, n=23 studies were examined. The studies can be grouped into three climatic themes Exposure, Outcomes and Planning. Our review confirms that urgent funding and investment is needed for larger-scale intervention studies on each of these themes. We observed a scarcity of high-quality empirical research, a preponderance of modelling studies to project and simulate scenarios, and a limited number of qualitative studies. Particular gaps in knowledge exist on climate change impacts on health in population groups in terms of demographic intersections to support these epidemiological data and simulation pathways. Furthermore, there was an absence of data on various topics concerning the effects of climate change on, for example, mental health, women, older people and/or the effects of displacement. The limitations of this work include accepting only English language publications and presenting only empirical studies. The study was not funded but was managed by the Monash Climate Change Communication Research node. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO ID: CRD42023431868.
摘要 在马来西亚，气候变化通常表现为频繁的极端天气事件。这种气象和生态失衡对人类健康的影响是多方面的。马来西亚迫切需要关注气候变化对健康造成的威胁。这项对现有证据的系统性审查采用了 PRISMA 准则，确定并评估了广泛的英语实证研究、已发表研究，但不包括灰色文献。采用 MMAT 对文章的偏差和质量进行了评估。使用 Scopus、Pubmed、Ovid EMBASE、Web of Science 和 EBSCO Host Medline 等搜索引擎，共获得 374 条结果。经过核对，对其中 23 项研究进行了审查。这些研究可分为 "暴露"、"结果 "和 "规划 "三个主题。我们的审查结果表明，对上述每个主题进行更大规模的干预研究急需资金和投资。我们发现，高质量的实证研究很少，预测和模拟情景的模型研究居多，定性研究数量有限。关于气候变化对人口群体健康的影响，在支持这些流行病学数据和模拟途径的人口交叉方面存在着特别的知识空白。此外，关于气候变化对精神健康、妇女、老年人和/或流离失所的影响等各种主题的数据也很缺乏。这项工作的局限性包括只接受英文出版物和只介绍实证研究。本研究未获得资金支持，但由莫纳什气候变化交流研究中心（Monash Climate Change Communication Research node）负责管理。本系统综述已在 PROSPERO ID 上注册：CRD42023431868。
{"title":"Systematic review of climate change induced health impacts facing Malaysia: gaps in research","authors":"Raksha Pandya-Wood, Azliyana Azhari, Hamimatunnisa Johar, Adeline Johns-Putra, Nurfashareena Muhamad, Tin Tin Su","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad6208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad6208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abstract In Malaysia, climate change typically manifests as frequent and extreme weather events. The effects on human health of such meteorological and ecological imbalances are multiple and diverse. Urgent attention is needed to address the health-related threats facing Malaysia as a result of climate change. This systematic review of available evidence adopted PRISMA guidelines and identified and assessed a broad range of English language empirical, published research and excluded grey literature. Bias and quality of articles was assessed using MMAT. Using the search engines Scopus, Pubmed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO Host Medline, n=374 results were yielded. Of these, after checking, n=23 studies were examined. The studies can be grouped into three climatic themes Exposure, Outcomes and Planning. Our review confirms that urgent funding and investment is needed for larger-scale intervention studies on each of these themes. We observed a scarcity of high-quality empirical research, a preponderance of modelling studies to project and simulate scenarios, and a limited number of qualitative studies. Particular gaps in knowledge exist on climate change impacts on health in population groups in terms of demographic intersections to support these epidemiological data and simulation pathways. Furthermore, there was an absence of data on various topics concerning the effects of climate change on, for example, mental health, women, older people and/or the effects of displacement. The limitations of this work include accepting only English language publications and presenting only empirical studies. The study was not funded but was managed by the Monash Climate Change Communication Research node. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO ID: CRD42023431868.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad6028
Yao Wu, Binbin Su, Junqing Xie, Bo Wen, Xiaolan Wu, Mengfan Wang, Yanhui Dong, Yi Song, Jun Ma
Background We aimed to evaluate whether the association between long-term temperature variability (TV) and CCVDs was affected by famine exposure in different age stages. Methods We used data from the fourth national Urban and Rural Elderly Population survey (2015). Participants were categorized into six groups based on their age at famine exposure (famine exposure under age 5, between ages 5 and 18, and during adulthood) and the severity (severely affected areas versus mildly affected areas) of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) in their province of residence. Mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to quantify the association between long-term TV and the prevalence of CCVDs across six famine-exposed groups. Findings A total of 222,179 participants were included. In severely affected areas, the odds ratio (OR) of CCVDs associated with per 1°C increase in 5-year average TV were 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.13) for those exposed to famine during adulthood, 1.28 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.40) under the age of 5 years. Urban residence, higher education, increased household income, and more frequent physical activity could mitigate the association between TV and CCVDs, particularly among those exposed to severe famine before the age of 5. Conclusion Individuals exposed to famine before the age of 5 are more susceptible to TV-related CCVDs compared to those exposed during adulthood. Our findings highlight the importance of early-life nutrition in lowering susceptibility to CCVDs later in life.
{"title":"Early-life famine exposure may modify the association between long-term temperature variability and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: a nationwide study","authors":"Yao Wu, Binbin Su, Junqing Xie, Bo Wen, Xiaolan Wu, Mengfan Wang, Yanhui Dong, Yi Song, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad6028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad6028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background We aimed to evaluate whether the association between long-term temperature variability (TV) and CCVDs was affected by famine exposure in different age stages. Methods We used data from the fourth national Urban and Rural Elderly Population survey (2015). Participants were categorized into six groups based on their age at famine exposure (famine exposure under age 5, between ages 5 and 18, and during adulthood) and the severity (severely affected areas versus mildly affected areas) of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) in their province of residence. Mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to quantify the association between long-term TV and the prevalence of CCVDs across six famine-exposed groups. Findings A total of 222,179 participants were included. In severely affected areas, the odds ratio (OR) of CCVDs associated with per 1°C increase in 5-year average TV were 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.13) for those exposed to famine during adulthood, 1.28 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.40) under the age of 5 years. Urban residence, higher education, increased household income, and more frequent physical activity could mitigate the association between TV and CCVDs, particularly among those exposed to severe famine before the age of 5. Conclusion Individuals exposed to famine before the age of 5 are more susceptible to TV-related CCVDs compared to those exposed during adulthood. Our findings highlight the importance of early-life nutrition in lowering susceptibility to CCVDs later in life.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ead
A. Nori-Sarma, M. Eliot, E. Whitsel, N. Saquib, Parveen Bhatti, Lina Mu, Joel D. Kaufman, Clara G Sears, G. Wellenius, E. Kulick
Rationale: Although COPD prevalence and exacerbations have been linked to ambient pollutants, evidence on the impact of ambient pollutants on COPD incidence is relatively sparse. Objectives: To evaluate the associations of long-term ambient particulate matter (PM2.5; PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and incident self-reported COPD in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a large prospective cohort study of post-menopausal women across the United States. Methods: We estimated annual average residential pollutant concentrations using validated spatiotemporal models and monitored data. We estimated pollutant-COPD associations as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in pollutant using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health factors, and WHI Clinical Center at baseline. Finally, we assessed the joint impact of exposure to multiple pollutants using quantile-based G-computation for survival outcomes.
{"title":"Impact of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Women’s Health Initiative cohort","authors":"A. Nori-Sarma, M. Eliot, E. Whitsel, N. Saquib, Parveen Bhatti, Lina Mu, Joel D. Kaufman, Clara G Sears, G. Wellenius, E. Kulick","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ead","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ead","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rationale: Although COPD prevalence and exacerbations have been linked to ambient pollutants, evidence on the impact of ambient pollutants on COPD incidence is relatively sparse. Objectives: To evaluate the associations of long-term ambient particulate matter (PM2.5; PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and incident self-reported COPD in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a large prospective cohort study of post-menopausal women across the United States. Methods: We estimated annual average residential pollutant concentrations using validated spatiotemporal models and monitored data. We estimated pollutant-COPD associations as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in pollutant using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health factors, and WHI Clinical Center at baseline. Finally, we assessed the joint impact of exposure to multiple pollutants using quantile-based G-computation for survival outcomes.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"229 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ded
Sahil Bhandari, D. Monticelli, Karen Xie, Andre Ramkairsingh, Rochelle Maher, Angela Eykelbosh, Sarah B Henderson, Naomi Zimmerman, A. Giang
Odors are a topic of emerging environmental health interest given their potential links to air quality, health, well-being, and quality of life. However, odors have traditionally been challenging to study given variability in individual sensitivity and perception, atmospheric physico-chemical processes, and emissions of mixtures of odorous contaminants. Here, we explore the potential utility of crowd-sourced odor report data in improving understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of odor experiences and their impacts. We conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of a 12-month data set from a web application collecting crowd-sourced odor reports, including spatiotemporal information, odor and self-reported impacts description (OSAC: odors, symptoms, actions in response, and suspected causes), and demographics, in Vancouver, Canada. Users report diverse OSAC with strong seasonality and spatial variability. Reported symptoms, ranging from neurological to emotion- and mood-related, highlight the complexity of odor-related health and well-being impacts. Odors can trigger maladaptive actions, where individuals are exposed to other environmental stressors (e.g., heat stress) or curtail healthy behaviors (e.g., exercising outside) to cope with odor impacts. Clustering analysis of OSAC suggests that odor exposures may be linked to health, well-being, and quality of life impacts through complex mechanisms, related not only to the odor experienced but also perceived causes. Spatiotemporal patterns in reports highlight the potential influence of persistent sources (e.g., waste management) and transient events (e.g., accidents). Exploratory multiple linear regression models suggest that monitoring of air quality and meteorology may be insufficient to capture odor issues. Overall, these results suggest that crowd-sourced science incorporating self-reported health and well-being effects and behavioral responses can enrich understanding of the impacts of odorous emissions at large spatiotemporal scales and complement traditional air pollution monitoring.
{"title":"Odor, air quality, and well-being: understanding the urban smellscape using crowd-sourced science","authors":"Sahil Bhandari, D. Monticelli, Karen Xie, Andre Ramkairsingh, Rochelle Maher, Angela Eykelbosh, Sarah B Henderson, Naomi Zimmerman, A. Giang","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ded","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ded","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Odors are a topic of emerging environmental health interest given their potential links to air quality, health, well-being, and quality of life. However, odors have traditionally been challenging to study given variability in individual sensitivity and perception, atmospheric physico-chemical processes, and emissions of mixtures of odorous contaminants. Here, we explore the potential utility of crowd-sourced odor report data in improving understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of odor experiences and their impacts. We conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of a 12-month data set from a web application collecting crowd-sourced odor reports, including spatiotemporal information, odor and self-reported impacts description (OSAC: odors, symptoms, actions in response, and suspected causes), and demographics, in Vancouver, Canada. Users report diverse OSAC with strong seasonality and spatial variability. Reported symptoms, ranging from neurological to emotion- and mood-related, highlight the complexity of odor-related health and well-being impacts. Odors can trigger maladaptive actions, where individuals are exposed to other environmental stressors (e.g., heat stress) or curtail healthy behaviors (e.g., exercising outside) to cope with odor impacts. Clustering analysis of OSAC suggests that odor exposures may be linked to health, well-being, and quality of life impacts through complex mechanisms, related not only to the odor experienced but also perceived causes. Spatiotemporal patterns in reports highlight the potential influence of persistent sources (e.g., waste management) and transient events (e.g., accidents). Exploratory multiple linear regression models suggest that monitoring of air quality and meteorology may be insufficient to capture odor issues. Overall, these results suggest that crowd-sourced science incorporating self-reported health and well-being effects and behavioral responses can enrich understanding of the impacts of odorous emissions at large spatiotemporal scales and complement traditional air pollution monitoring.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"145 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad5750
Léo Moutet, Aurélien Bigo, Philippe Quirion, L. Temime, Kévin Jean
Background: In the transport sector, efforts to achieve carbon neutrality may generate public health cobenefits by promoting physical activity. Objective: This study aims to quantify the health impacts related to active transport based on four different scenarios leading France toward carbon neutrality in 2050. Methods: The French Agency for Ecological Transition developed four consistent and contrasting scenarios (S1 to S4) achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 as well as a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario that extends our current lifestyles until 2050, without reaching net-zero. For each of these Transitions2050 scenarios, we distributed the mobility demand for walking, cycling and e-cycling across age groups. Relying on the health impact assessment framework, we quantified the impacts of the corresponding physical activity on all-cause mortality. The impact of each of the carbon neutrality scenarios was determined by comparison with estimates from the BAU scenario. Results: In S1 and S2 scenarios, volumes of active transport are projected to increase to fulfil the World Health Organisations recommendations by 2050, while they increase slightly in S3 and decrease in S4. S2 scenario reaches the highest levels of health cobenefits, with 494,000 deaths prevented between 2021 and 2050. This would translate into a life expectancy gain of 3.0 months for the general population in 2050, mainly driven by e-bikes. S1 would provide smaller but important health benefits, while these benefits would be modest for S3. On the contrary, S4 implies 52,000 additional deaths as compared to the BAU scenario, and a loss of 0.2 month in life expectancy. Discussion: Different ways to decarbonize mobility in a net-zero perspective may achieve very contrasting public health cobenefits. This study illustrates how the public health dimension may provide a relevant insight in choices of collective transformation toward net-zero societies.
{"title":"Different pathways toward net-zero emissions imply diverging health impacts: a health impact assessment study for France","authors":"Léo Moutet, Aurélien Bigo, Philippe Quirion, L. Temime, Kévin Jean","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad5750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ad5750","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: In the transport sector, efforts to achieve carbon neutrality may generate public health cobenefits by promoting physical activity. Objective: This study aims to quantify the health impacts related to active transport based on four different scenarios leading France toward carbon neutrality in 2050. Methods: The French Agency for Ecological Transition developed four consistent and contrasting scenarios (S1 to S4) achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 as well as a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario that extends our current lifestyles until 2050, without reaching net-zero. For each of these Transitions2050 scenarios, we distributed the mobility demand for walking, cycling and e-cycling across age groups. Relying on the health impact assessment framework, we quantified the impacts of the corresponding physical activity on all-cause mortality. The impact of each of the carbon neutrality scenarios was determined by comparison with estimates from the BAU scenario. Results: In S1 and S2 scenarios, volumes of active transport are projected to increase to fulfil the World Health Organisations recommendations by 2050, while they increase slightly in S3 and decrease in S4. S2 scenario reaches the highest levels of health cobenefits, with 494,000 deaths prevented between 2021 and 2050. This would translate into a life expectancy gain of 3.0 months for the general population in 2050, mainly driven by e-bikes. S1 would provide smaller but important health benefits, while these benefits would be modest for S3. On the contrary, S4 implies 52,000 additional deaths as compared to the BAU scenario, and a loss of 0.2 month in life expectancy. Discussion: Different ways to decarbonize mobility in a net-zero perspective may achieve very contrasting public health cobenefits. This study illustrates how the public health dimension may provide a relevant insight in choices of collective transformation toward net-zero societies.","PeriodicalId":517104,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research: Health","volume":"110 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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