Analysis of the Surface Roughness of Different Denture Teeth Materials: A Quantitative In-Vitro Study

ABSTRACT The surface roughness of denture teeth materials significantly influences their clinical performance and patient satisfaction. Understanding the variations in surface roughness among different materials is crucial for optimizing denture fabrication processes. In this quantitative in-vitro study, three commonly used denture teeth materials, namely acrylic resin, composite resin, and porcelain, were evaluated for surface roughness. Twenty samples of each material were prepared and subjected to profilometric analysis. The surface roughness parameters Ra and Rz were measured using a contact profilometer. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the surface roughness among the different materials. The mean surface roughness (Ra) values were found to be 0.32 μm for acrylic resin, 0.25 μm for composite resin, and 0.18 μm for porcelain. Similarly, the mean Rz values were 2.45 μm for acrylic resin, 1.98 μm for composite resin, and 1.62 μm for porcelain. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in surface roughness among the three materials (P < 0.05). Porcelain denture teeth exhibited the smoothest surface, followed by composite resin and acrylic resin. These findings suggest that material selection plays a crucial role in determining the surface roughness of denture teeth. Porcelain may offer superior aesthetics and reduced plaque accumulation compared with acrylic and composite resin materials. Clinicians should consider these differences when choosing denture materials to achieve optimal clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.