The Role of Genetic Variants in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology and their Impact on Disease Mechanisms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by genetic and environmental factors. By identifying genomic regions associated with an increased risk of RA, Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has provided insight into the genetic component of the condition. A better understanding of these characteristics is necessary to improve RA therapy. The objective is to identify gene variants associated with RA susceptibility, severity, and progression. A search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, and MEDLINE databases revealed articles concerning rheumatoid arthritis, genetics, genetic aspects, and autoimmune disorders. The research studies considered were reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. The data was sought from May 2016 and May 2023. Genetic factors are thought to play a significant role in the production of cytokines, the activity of immune cells, and abnormal immune responses in RA. By combining molecular genetics with clinical characteristics, it is possible to enhance RA medications and provide tailored care to each individual. Recent studies have identified several susceptibility loci and key genes associated with the development of RA, providing insight into the mechanism underlying the disease. These genetic associations can be used to develop targeted medicines and personalized care strategies for people whom have rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this review is to enhance the quality of life by finding the gene mechanism of patients suffering from RAl; however, more research is still required to understand genetic and environmental influences fully.