Study of immune mechanisms in liver tissues and blood plasma of rats against the background of loading with plant extracts and induced oxidative stress

Pathologies of the hepatobiliary system occupy a significant share in the total structure of diseases. Morphological changes that develop in the liver during its toxic damage are based on cytolysis of hepatocytes. Metabolic disorders arising from exposure to tetrachloromethane may alter the production of anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by cells of the immune system. The aim of our study was to investigate reparative processes and immune mechanisms in rat liver tissues against the background of loading with aqueous extracts of blackberry and common sawfly and induced oxidative stress.Materials and methods. 120 rats were used in the experiment. According to group affiliation animals received aqueous extracts of common and blackberry in a dose of 50 mg/100g of animal weight, 1.5 ml daily for 30 days, and animals of the control group received distilled water in the same regime. Starting from 30 days of the experiment, rats were injected with tetrachloromethane oil solution at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight in parallel with the administration of plant extracts for 6 days. On the 37th day of the experiment, blood was taken from the animals and then killed according to ethical standards. Histological preparations were made from liver tissues and the number of sinusoidal cells was counted. The content of cytokines in rat liver homogenates and blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a Lazurite Automated ELISA System.Results. In case of oxidative stress in blood plasma there is an increased production of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and suppression of IL-10 production, while the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 does not change significantly. At the same time, in response to diffuse toxic liver damage and oxidative stress in liver tissues there is an increase in the concentration of cytokines IL- 1α, IL-18, TNFα, IL-10 and a decrease in the concentration of IL-6, IFNγ, TGF-β. Increased production of IL-1α and IL-18 in liver tissues seems to trigger local inflammation by increasing the levels of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6. The increased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 confirms the key role of this mediator in the regulation of immune response and its ability to suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. Conclusion. The aqueous extracts of fir and blackberry modulate to different degrees the functional state of sinusoidal cells in the early periods of toxic exposure to tetrachloromethane, which contributes to the early resolution of the inflammatory process. Exposure of aqueous extracts of fir and blackberry to sinusoidal cells changes the production of regulatory factors, which compensates the speed of recovery processes after toxic exposure.