温度和降水异常对北半球热带外层森林二氧化碳通量的影响

E. Satosina, D. Gushchina, M. Tarasova, I. Zheleznova, E. Emelianova, R. Gibadullin, A. Osipov, A. V. Olchev
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摘要

现代气候变化伴随着全球气温的快速上升、降水模式的改变、极端天气事件的频率和严重程度,可能会对森林生态系统的功能、生长和发展产生重大影响。研究的目的是评估极端天气事件(气温和降水的显著正负异常)对北半球北方和温带森林生态系统二氧化碳(CO2)通量的影响。在全球 FLUXNET 网络中选择了 26 个具有最连续观测数据的温室气体通量监测站进行二氧化碳通量分析。根据 IGBP 的分类,这些监测站位于不同生物群落类型的森林生态系统中。利用气象站的观测数据和ERA5再分析数据分析了气象条件。结果表明,二氧化碳通量对温度和降水异常的响应主要取决于森林生态系统的类型、地理位置和区域气候条件。在研究的所有森林类型中,任何季节极高的气温都会导致向大气排放的二氧化碳增加,针叶林的反应最为明显。暖季的负气温异常则会产生相反的效果,增加或减少森林生态系统对二氧化碳的吸收,这取决于森林生态系统的类型。在寒冷季节,二氧化碳通量对极端低温没有明显反应。在强降水期间,研究中的所有森林生态系统都会向大气排放二氧化碳。同时,在暖季大量降水之后,植物根区可用土壤水分对二氧化碳通量的累积效应也显现出来。因此,在充足的土壤水分条件下,植物光合作用的速度不断加快,植被对二氧化碳的吸收量也随之增加。
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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES ON CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES IN THE EXTRATROPICAL FORESTS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Modern climate change, accompanied by rapidly increasing global air temperature, changing precipitation patterns, frequency and severity of extreme weather events, may have a significant impact on the functioning, growth, and development of forest ecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of extreme weather events (significant positive and negative anomalies in air temperature and precipitation) on the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. 26 greenhouse gas (GHG) flux monitoring stations of the global FLUXNET network with the most continuous observations were selected for the analysis of CO2 fluxes. The stations are located in forest ecosystems of different biome types according to the IGBP classification. Meteorological conditions were analyzed using observations from meteorological stations and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results showed that the response of CO2 fluxes to temperature and precipitation anomalies varies depending mainly on the type of forest ecosystem, its geographical location and regional climatic conditions. Extremely high air temperature in any season leads to increased CO2 emissions to the atmosphere in all forest types studied, with the most pronounced response in coniferous forests. Negative air temperature anomalies in the warm season could have the opposite effect, either increasing or decreasing the CO2 uptake by forest ecosystems, depending on the forest ecosystem type. No significant response of CO2 fluxes to extremely low temperatures in the cold season was found. During periods of heavy precipitation, the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere dominated in all forest ecosystems under study. At the same time, after a large amount of precipitation during the warm season, a cumulative effect of available soil moisture in the plant root zone on CO2 fluxes was revealed. As a result the CO2 uptake by vegetation increases due to the growing rate of plant photosynthesis under sufficient soil moisture conditions.
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