麻醉诱导

IF 0.2 Q4 ANESTHESIOLOGY Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.05.006
Jillian Scott, Brian Lafferty, Robert Hart
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全身麻醉是一种为实施治疗程序而控制的无意识状态。麻醉的目的历来被概括为催眠、镇痛和肌肉放松三要素。在确保设备和药物齐备且可安全使用之前,首先要对患者进行术前评估。通过吸入或静脉途径给予诱导剂后开始麻醉。考虑气道管理是麻醉诱导阶段的重要组成部分。诱导剂的选择和剂量受多种因素影响,其中包括:并发症、手术类型、年龄和患者体质。麻醉诱导后,麻醉维持阶段可通过吸入或静脉途径进行。麻醉药物的使用通常会导致气道反射的迅速消失和心肺功能的改变。全身麻醉的并发症包括意识丧失、吸入、过敏性休克、气道缺失、喉痉挛、心血管不稳定、恶性高热和牙齿损伤。要将这些潜在并发症的风险降至最低,对细节的一丝不苟至关重要。
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Induction of anaesthesia

General anaesthesia is a state of controlled unconsciousness utilized to perform a therapeutic procedure. The aims of anaesthesia have traditionally been summarized by the triad of hypnosis, analgesia and muscle relaxation. The process begins with preoperative assessment of the patient before ensuring equipment and drugs are available and safe to use. Anaesthesia commences with administration of induction agents, delivered via inhalational or intravenous routes. Consideration of airway management is an essential component of the induction phase of anaesthesia. The choice and dose of induction agent is multifactorial and can include: co-morbidity; type of surgery, age and patient physiology. Following induction of anaesthesia, the maintenance phase of anaesthesia can be delivered via an inhalation or intravenous route. The administration of anaesthetic drugs is generally associated with rapid loss of airway reflexes and cardiorespiratory changes. Complications of general anaesthesia can include awareness, aspiration, anaphylaxis, airway loss, laryngospasm, cardiovascular instability, malignant hyperpyrexia and dental damage. Meticulous attention to detail is vital to minimize the risk of these potential complications.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, an invaluable source of up-to-date information, with the curriculum of both the Primary and Final FRCA examinations covered over a three-year cycle. Published monthly this ever-updating text book will be an invaluable source for both trainee and experienced anaesthetists. The enthusiastic editorial board, under the guidance of two eminent and experienced series editors, ensures Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine covers all the key topics in a comprehensive and authoritative manner. Articles now include learning objectives and eash issue features MCQs, facilitating self-directed learning and enabling readers at all levels to test their knowledge. Each issue is divided between basic scientific and clinical sections. The basic science articles include anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, physics and clinical measurement, while the clinical sections cover anaesthetic agents and techniques, assessment and perioperative management. Further sections cover audit, trials, statistics, ethical and legal medicine, and the management of acute and chronic pain.
期刊最新文献
Editorial Board Contents Medical gases Spinal anaesthesia Premedication
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