Differentially and spatially expressed genes in the reproductive organs of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) drones

During the mating of honeybees (Apis mellifera), the seminal fluid and sperm produced by the drones’ reproductive organs are transferred to the queens’ spermatheca. However, compared to the reproductive organs of the queens, little is known about those of the drones. To identify genes that are differentially expressed in the drones’ reproductive organs during sexual maturation, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the respective organs across various developmental stages. Our investigation identified 20 genes with over a 50-fold enhancement in expression relative to their basal levels upon emergence. Among these genes, 13 had been previously predicted, while 7 had not been characterized. We conducted qRT-PCR to analyze the differential and spatial expression profiles of the identified 20 genes in the testes, seminal vesicles, and mucous glands of the drones. Our findings suggest that certain genes exhibit significantly elevated expressions in the reproductive tissues of the drones, indicating their potentially crucial roles in the reproduction of honeybees.