Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology最新文献

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Joint toxicity and control efficacy of chemical pesticides and insecticidal bacteria against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102414

Hui-Zi Wu , Xing-Run Pan , Jun Shen , Pei-Yun He , Hai-Qun Cao , Cheng-Wang Sheng , Jia-Sheng Chen

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a globally prevalent pest, posing a substantial threat to a wide range of crops. Nevertheless, the long-term and excessive application of single pesticides has led to the development of resistance to multiple pesticides in FAW. In this study, nine different combinations of two compound mixed pesticides were investigated. The combinations of Metaflumizone (MFZ) with Empedobacter brevis, and Emamectin benzoate (EMB) with Bacillus thuringiensis G033A all demonstrated significant synergistic effects in the control of FAW, with their Coefficient of Toxicity Collaboration (CTC) all surpassing 120. When the recommended dose of E. brevis was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of MFZ was decreased by 25%, and 50% respectively, the compound pesticides still maintained high field control efficacy against FAW (over 80% on the 7th day). Similarly, when the recommended dose of B. thuringiensis G033A was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of EMB was decreased by 25%, and 50%, respectively, high field control efficacy against FAW was also achieved (over 70% on the 7th day). Nevertheless, when the reduction of MFZ and EMB exceeded 75% of the recommended dose, the synergistic effect of the mixture also began to decline. Our research indicates that it is feasible to reduce the doses of both chemical pesticides and bioengineered bacteria by 50% each. The combinations of MFZ and E.brevis, as well as EMB and B. thuringiensis G033A, can be effectively applied for the control of FAW.

{"title":"Joint toxicity and control efficacy of chemical pesticides and insecticidal bacteria against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Hui-Zi Wu , Xing-Run Pan , Jun Shen , Pei-Yun He , Hai-Qun Cao , Cheng-Wang Sheng , Jia-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J.E. Smith), is a globally prevalent pest, posing a substantial threat to a wide range of crops. Nevertheless, the long-term and excessive application of single pesticides has led to the development of resistance to multiple pesticides in FAW. In this study, nine different combinations of two compound mixed pesticides were investigated. The combinations of Metaflumizone (MFZ) with <em>Empedobacter brevis</em>, and Emamectin benzoate (EMB) with <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> G033A all demonstrated significant synergistic effects in the control of FAW, with their Coefficient of Toxicity Collaboration (CTC) all surpassing 120. When the recommended dose of <em>E. brevis</em> was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of MFZ was decreased by 25%, and 50% respectively, the compound pesticides still maintained high field control efficacy against FAW (over 80% on the 7th day). Similarly, when the recommended dose of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> G033A was reduced by 50%, and the recommended dose of EMB was decreased by 25%, and 50%, respectively, high field control efficacy against FAW was also achieved (over 70% on the 7th day). Nevertheless, when the reduction of MFZ and EMB exceeded 75% of the recommended dose, the synergistic effect of the mixture also began to decline. Our research indicates that it is feasible to reduce the doses of both chemical pesticides and bioengineered bacteria by 50% each. The combinations of MFZ and <em>E.brevis</em>, as well as EMB and <em>B. thuringiensis</em> G033A, can be effectively applied for the control of FAW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of color on the feeding preference of a generalist grasshopper, Acrida cinerea (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102415

Jun-Ya Ide

The young leaves of many plant species exhibit red or purple coloration. It has been proposed that the red/purple coloration serves as a warning signal, indicating that defense chemicals against herbivores are highly concentrated in young tissues. In particular, it is expected that generalist herbivores will not like red/purple leaves because the chemical defenses developed by young leaves are generally more toxic or less nutritious to generalist herbivores than to specialists. To test this hypothesis, the color choices made by a generalist grasshopper, Acrida cinerea, were assessed using colored paper discs impregnated with feeding stimulants under three light conditions: white light, blue light, and darkness. Only under white light did A. cinerea eat less red paper and more yellow paper than green paper. They ate blue paper as well as green paper, indicating that they do not consider only green items to be food. These findings support that A. cinerea likely dislikes red foods not simply because red is different from the typical color of leaves but rather because red is a warning signal.

{"title":"Effect of color on the feeding preference of a generalist grasshopper, Acrida cinerea (Orthoptera: Acrididae)","authors":"Jun-Ya Ide","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The young leaves of many plant species exhibit red or purple coloration. It has been proposed that the red/purple coloration serves as a warning signal, indicating that defense chemicals against herbivores are highly concentrated in young tissues. In particular, it is expected that generalist herbivores will not like red/purple leaves because the chemical defenses developed by young leaves are generally more toxic or less nutritious to generalist herbivores than to specialists. To test this hypothesis, the color choices made by a generalist grasshopper, <em>Acrida cinerea</em>, were assessed using colored paper discs impregnated with feeding stimulants under three light conditions: white light, blue light, and darkness. Only under white light did <em>A. cinerea</em> eat less red paper and more yellow paper than green paper. They ate blue paper as well as green paper, indicating that they do not consider only green items to be food. These findings support that <em>A. cinerea</em> likely dislikes red foods not simply because red is different from the typical color of leaves but rather because red is a warning signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taxonomy of the subgenus Polistes (Polistella) Ashmead, 1904 from China, with a new species and an updated key (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102412

Nan Xiao, Bin Chen, Ting-Jing Li

In this paper one new species, namely Polistes (Polistella) motuoensis Xiao, Chen & Li, sp. nov., from Xizang (China) is described and illustrated in detail. In addition, the following nine species, P. (P.) adsimilis Nguyen & Carpenter, 2016, P. (P.) brunetus Nguyen & Kojima, 2014, P. (P.) caobangensis Nguyen, 2020, P. (P.) communalis Nguyen, Vu & Carpenter, 2017, P. (P.) curcipunctum Nguyen, Kojima & Saito, 2011, P. (P.) dawnae Dover & Rao, 1922, P. (P.) delhiensis Das & Gupta, 1989, P. (P.) horrendus Gusenleitner, 2006, and P. (P.) tenebris Nguyen & Lee, 2017 are newly recorded from China. An updated key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Polistella is provided.

引用次数: 0

Knockdown of the juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase gene impairs development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102410

Jin Zhang , Jia-Min Yu , Xiao-Xiao Shi , Dong-Yang Liu , Quan Deng , Jiang-Nan Peng , Mao-Ye Li , Su Liu

In insects, the juvenile hormone (JH) acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) is required for JH synthesis. Agrotis ipsilon is known as the black cutworm and is a key agricultural pest; however, its JHAMT gene remains uncharacterized. Herein, we identified and functionally characterized A. ipsilon JHAMT (designated AiJHAMT). AiJHAMT consisted of three introns and four exons, and encoded the AiJHAMT protein, which contained 271 amino acid residues. AiJHAMT displayed features typical of other insect JHAMTs and shared a close phylogenetic relationship with a Mythimna separata ortholog. Experimentally, in A. ipsilon larvae, oral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery significantly reduced AiJHAMT mRNA levels and JH titers. AiJHAMT knockdown also affected larval growth, sharply reducing larval body length and weight and AiJHAMT-silenced larvae survival rates decreased to 46.5%. Moreover, AiJHAMT silencing reduced pupation rates by 61.8%. Therefore, AiJHAMT is vital for A. ipsilon growth, development, and survival and may be used for RNA interference (RNAi)-based pest strategies.

{"title":"Knockdown of the juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase gene impairs development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Jin Zhang , Jia-Min Yu , Xiao-Xiao Shi , Dong-Yang Liu , Quan Deng , Jiang-Nan Peng , Mao-Ye Li , Su Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In insects, the juvenile hormone (JH) acid <em>O</em>-methyltransferase (JHAMT) is required for JH synthesis. <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> is known as the black cutworm and is a key agricultural pest; however, its <em>JHAMT</em> gene remains uncharacterized. Herein, we identified and functionally characterized <em>A. ipsilon JHAMT</em> (designated <em>AiJHAMT</em>). <em>AiJHAMT</em> consisted of three introns and four exons, and encoded the AiJHAMT protein, which contained 271 amino acid residues. AiJHAMT displayed features typical of other insect JHAMTs and shared a close phylogenetic relationship with a <em>Mythimna separata</em> ortholog. Experimentally, in <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae, oral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery significantly reduced <em>AiJHAMT</em> mRNA levels and JH titers. <em>AiJHAMT</em> knockdown also affected larval growth, sharply reducing larval body length and weight and <em>AiJHAMT</em>-silenced larvae survival rates decreased to 46.5%. Moreover, <em>AiJHAMT</em> silencing reduced pupation rates by 61.8%. Therefore, <em>AiJHAMT</em> is vital for <em>A. ipsilon</em> growth, development, and survival and may be used for RNA interference (RNAi)-based pest strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Untargeted metabolomics of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) gut reveals physiological difference among eight diets

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102411

Xu Tian , Hancheng Wang , Jinmeng Li , Caihua Shi , Gui Gao , Jianyu Meng , Qi Su

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major pest of tobacco and other hosts. Mass-rearing of S. litura is essential for implementing various control strategies. We evaluated the effects of eight different diets on the growth and development of S. litura larvae, followed by untargeted metabolomics analysis to assess physiological and metabolic differences in their gut due to diet variations. Significant differences were observed in the development duration and weight of S. litura larvae across different diets. When reaching the fourth instar, larvae fed with corn leaf powder (development periods: 2.13 ± 0.12 days; weights: 4.68 ± 0.09 g) and Chenopodium album leaf powder (2.05 ± 0.10 days; 4.69 ± 0.09 g) had shorter development periods and greater weights compared to those fed with tobacco (2.56 ± 0.10 days; 4.52 ± 0.12 g), C. album (2.49 ± 0.12 days; 4.53 ± 0.11 g), and other groups. Moreover, metabolites from natural diets negatively impacted larval growth, with the lower quantities and expression levels in significantly enriched pathways than those in corn leaf powder and C. album leaf powder. Among the natural diets, C. album outperformed both tobacco and corn. Artificial diet with corn leaf powder is suitable for mass-rearing of S. litura. This study serves as a reference for optimizing the artificial diet of S. litura.

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) gut reveals physiological difference among eight diets","authors":"Xu Tian , Hancheng Wang , Jinmeng Li , Caihua Shi , Gui Gao , Jianyu Meng , Qi Su","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spodoptera litura</em> (Fabricius) is a major pest of tobacco and other hosts. Mass-rearing of <em>S. litura</em> is essential for implementing various control strategies. We evaluated the effects of eight different diets on the growth and development of <em>S. litura</em> larvae, followed by untargeted metabolomics analysis to assess physiological and metabolic differences in their gut due to diet variations. Significant differences were observed in the development duration and weight of <em>S. litura</em> larvae across different diets. When reaching the fourth instar, larvae fed with corn leaf powder (development periods: 2.13 ± 0.12 days; weights: 4.68 ± 0.09 g) and <em>Chenopodium album</em> leaf powder (2.05 ± 0.10 days; 4.69 ± 0.09 g) had shorter development periods and greater weights compared to those fed with tobacco (2.56 ± 0.10 days; 4.52 ± 0.12 g), <em>C. album</em> (2.49 ± 0.12 days; 4.53 ± 0.11 g), and other groups. Moreover, metabolites from natural diets negatively impacted larval growth, with the lower quantities and expression levels in significantly enriched pathways than those in corn leaf powder and <em>C. album</em> leaf powder. Among the natural diets, <em>C. album</em> outperformed both tobacco and corn. Artificial diet with corn leaf powder is suitable for mass-rearing of <em>S. litura</em>. This study serves as a reference for optimizing the artificial diet of <em>S. litura</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospecting indigenous Bt isolates for bioinsecticidal efficiency against soil-borne white grub, Holotrichia serrata (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102406

M. Manoj , K. Tamilvendan , Mohan Chavan , G. Selvakumar , K. Nagaraju , C. Manjunatha

White grubs (Holotrichia serrata) are among the most destructive insect pests in Indian agriculture, severely affecting a wide range of crops. Despite the availability of various insecticides, managing these pests remains challenging. This study aimed at exploring efficient local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains that exhibited insecticidal activity against white grubs. Morphological characterization revealed that isolates were rod-shaped and formed endospores. 16S rRNA-based molecular characterization confirmed that the strains shared identity with Bt. Toxicity evaluation of the Bt strains against different instars of grubs showed mortality rates ranging from 0 to 100 %. Notably, 18 out of 24 strains caused 100 % mortality in first-instar grubs within one day after treatment (DAT). Further testing of these isolates against second and third-instar grubs revealed mortality rates ranging from 0 to 66.70 % (15 DAT) and 0 to 33.3 % (30 DAT), respectively. The LC₅₀ values of these strains ranged from 149.95 to 275.46 µg/mL for first, 161.54 to 294.24 µg/mL for second, and 254.64 to 415.60 µg/mL for third instar grubs at 120 h post-treatment. The isolate UASB Bt11 exhibited best biocontrol ability against all the stages of the grub. The results also indicated that first-instar grubs are the most susceptible to Bt, with sensitivity declining in later stages. This study demonstrates the biopesticidal potential of local Bt isolates or their crystal toxin genes against H. serrata for development of insect-resistant crops like sugarcane.

{"title":"Prospecting indigenous Bt isolates for bioinsecticidal efficiency against soil-borne white grub, Holotrichia serrata (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"M. Manoj , K. Tamilvendan , Mohan Chavan , G. Selvakumar , K. Nagaraju , C. Manjunatha","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White grubs (<em>Holotrichia serrata</em>) are among the most destructive insect pests in Indian agriculture, severely affecting a wide range of crops. Despite the availability of various insecticides, managing these pests remains challenging. This study aimed at exploring efficient local <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (<em>Bt</em>) strains that exhibited insecticidal activity against white grubs. Morphological characterization revealed that isolates were rod-shaped and formed endospores. 16S rRNA-based molecular characterization confirmed that the strains shared identity with <em>Bt</em>. Toxicity evaluation of the <em>Bt</em> strains against different instars of grubs showed mortality rates ranging from 0 to 100 %. Notably, 18 out of 24 strains caused 100 % mortality in first-instar grubs within one day after treatment (DAT). Further testing of these isolates against second and third-instar grubs revealed mortality rates ranging from 0 to 66.70 % (15 DAT) and 0 to 33.3 % (30 DAT), respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of these strains ranged from 149.95 to 275.46 µg/mL for first, 161.54 to 294.24 µg/mL for second, and 254.64 to 415.60 µg/mL for third instar grubs at 120 h post-treatment. The isolate UASB Bt11 exhibited best biocontrol ability against all the stages of the grub. The results also indicated that first-instar grubs are the most susceptible to <em>Bt</em>, with sensitivity declining in later stages. This study demonstrates the biopesticidal potential of local <em>Bt</em> isolates or their crystal toxin genes against <em>H. serrata</em> for development of insect-resistant crops like sugarcane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histopathological and biochemical efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes on the greater wax moth, Galleria melonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102409

Ibrahim F.I. Shoukry , Dina F. Alhashdi , Sahier F. Ellakwah , Hend M. Abd-Elmonem , Farag A. Ahmed , Mahmoud Moustafa , Mohammed Al-Shehri , Karima S. Khater

The penetration rates of four entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88), Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc), Steinernema glaseri (Sg), and Steinernema scapterisci (Ss) were evaluated on last-instar larvae of Galleria mellonella at three concentrations: 20, 50, and 100 infective juveniles (IJ) per larva. Results showed a positive correlation between penetration rate and nematode concentration, with significant differences among strains (P < 0.001). The highest cumulative penetration rates were observed with H. bacteriophora (HP88), ranging from 0.79 ± 0.02 IJ/larva at 20 IJ to 0.98 ± 0.03 IJ/larva at 100 IJ. S. carpocapsae ranged from 0.45 ± 0.03 to 0.83 ± 0.06 IJ/larva, while S. scapterisci had the lowest penetration, from 0.32 ± 0.06 to 0.55 ± 0.03 IJ/larva. Histopathological examination revealed damage to the larvae’s body wall, including disintegration of the cuticular layer, epidermis dissolution, and nematode tunnels in the body cavity. Defense responses, such as hemocyte presence, were observed. Biochemical analysis showed increased acid phosphatase (ACP) after most treatments and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) varying among treatments. Phenoloxidase activity was elevated in all treated larvae. These findings suggest that EPNs, especially H. bacteriophora, are effective against G. mellonella and may be promising biological control agents.

{"title":"Histopathological and biochemical efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes on the greater wax moth, Galleria melonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"Ibrahim F.I. Shoukry , Dina F. Alhashdi , Sahier F. Ellakwah , Hend M. Abd-Elmonem , Farag A. Ahmed , Mahmoud Moustafa , Mohammed Al-Shehri , Karima S. Khater","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The penetration rates of four entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88), Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc), Steinernema glaseri (Sg), and Steinernema scapterisci (Ss) were evaluated on last-instar larvae of Galleria mellonella at three concentrations: 20, 50, and 100 infective juveniles (IJ) per larva. Results showed a positive correlation between penetration rate and nematode concentration, with significant differences among strains (P < 0.001). The highest cumulative penetration rates were observed with H. bacteriophora (HP88), ranging from 0.79 ± 0.02 IJ/larva at 20 IJ to 0.98 ± 0.03 IJ/larva at 100 IJ. S. carpocapsae ranged from 0.45 ± 0.03 to 0.83 ± 0.06 IJ/larva, while S. scapterisci had the lowest penetration, from 0.32 ± 0.06 to 0.55 ± 0.03 IJ/larva. Histopathological examination revealed damage to the larvae’s body wall, including disintegration of the cuticular layer, epidermis dissolution, and nematode tunnels in the body cavity. Defense responses, such as hemocyte presence, were observed. Biochemical analysis showed increased acid phosphatase (ACP) after most treatments and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) varying among treatments. Phenoloxidase activity was elevated in all treated larvae. These findings suggest that EPNs, especially H. bacteriophora, are effective against G. mellonella and may be promising biological control agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 2","pages":"Article 102409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sublethal concentrations of anthelmintic drugs (albendazole and levanide) induce insecticidal effects and midgut ultrastructural changes in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102407

Marian Malak , Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim , Mourad Shonouda

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally serious pest of maize and various cultivated plants. Rapid resistance development in certain pest populations underscores the urgent need for new, effective insecticides. The present study aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of two anthelmintic drugs (albendazole and levanide) as alternative safer tools against this destructive lepidopteran pest. The toxicity and survival response of FAW larvae to both drugs were evaluated. Subsequently, the histopathological and ultrastructural effects of the drugs’ sublethal concentration (LC₂₅) on the midgut of third-instar larvae after 48 h of treatment were studied. The larval survival percentage of control group was 100 %, whereas the LC₅₀/48 h of albendazole and levanide treatment caused the survival percentage to drop to 51 % and 45 %, respectively. Furthermore, the sublethal concentration (LC₂₅) of the drugs reduced the survival of larvae by dramatically disrupting the S. frugiperda midgut’s ultrastructure and hindering insect development. Interestingly, both drugs at LC₂₅/48 h damaged the peritrophic matrix releasing cell apical protrusions and apocrine secretions into the midgut lumen and breaking down microtubules leading to cellular hypertrophy. The study also found deterioration in mitochondrial structure. The most noticeable changes were an irregular nuclear envelope and nucleus with condensed chromatin and increased autophagy and apoptosis. Comparatively, the difference in cytotoxicity between drugs depended on their mode of action. The present findings confirm that both anthelmintic drugs even at sublethal concentrations have significant insecticidal potentials and might be an alternative, safer environmental tool in managing FAW larvae.

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引用次数: 0

Resistance mechanism of energy canes developed from Saccharum spontaenum and Erianthus arundinaceus against sugarcane borer pests

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102408

M. Punithavalli , P. Govindaraj , M. Balaji Rajkumar

A total of 26 newly developed energy canes including Type I having Saccharum spontaneum as immediate parent and Type II having as immediate parent Erianthus arundinaceus were screened for resistance against sugarcane early shoot borer (ESB), Chilo infuscatellus and internode borer (INB), Chilo sacchariphagus indicus. Field and lab screening study results indicated that ESB and INB incidence was much lower in E. arundinaceus energy canes, with no discernible impairment to internode morphology than in S. spontaneum energy canes. Furthermore, Type II energy canes-fed ESB and INB showed adverse effects on growth and development by reducing their larval and pupal survivability. Besides, ESB and INB larval durations were 22 to 34 days and 39 to 52 days in Type I and Type II energy canes, respectively. A significant increase in secondary metabolites, such as phenols, silicon content, polyphenol oxidase and proteinase inhibitors, as well as a decrease in positive nutritive compounds in E. arundinaceus, indicated the antibiosis mechanism of resistance. Furthermore, E. arundinaceus PIs effectively inhibited the midgut proteases of ESB and INB compared to S. spontaneum PIs. Proteinase inhibitors, silicon and phenolic content showed a significant negative correlation with the incidence and development of sugarcane borers. The study identified three borer-tolerant Type II energy canes (SBIEC 14006, SBIEC 11004, SBIEC 11001) and one Type I cane (SBIEC 13010), which could be utilized for biofuel production. In addition, these elite clones can serve as genetic stocks for developing borer-tolerant varieties in future energy cane breeding programmes.

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引用次数: 0

Prosolierius qizhihaoi sp. nov., a new species of solieriine rove beetles from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102405

Nian Liu , Lianfeng Gao , Diying Huang , Chenyang Cai

The rove beetle subfamily Solieriinae represents a small and phylogenetically distinct lineage, currently comprising only a single extant genus, Solierius Bernhauer, which is endemic to South America. The fossil record of this subfamily includes five extinct species assigned to the extinct genus Prosolierius, discovered in Barremian-Cenomanian amber deposits from Lebanon, Spain, and northern Myanmar. Here we describe a new species of Solieriinae, Prosolierius qizhihaoi sp. nov., based on an exceptionally well-preserved specimen from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. This new species exhibits close morphological similarities to Prosolierius thayerae Yamamoto, particularly in the elongation of antennomere 11 and the narrow genital segments. However, P. qizhihaoi can be distinguished by its elongate and slender antennomere 3, as well as the distinctly oval-shaped antennomere 4. The discovery of these fossil species within Prosolierius highlights the previously unrecognized palaeodiversity of Solieriinae rove beetles during the late Mesozoic, providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this enigmatic subfamily.

LSID code: www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F1C95B5A-BD6D-4F84-9B03-8DD25CDFBAE2

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