Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2026.102520
Zih-Ting Chang , Yu-Shin Nai , Yue-Wen Chen
The sacbrood virus (SBV) poses a significant threat to Apis cerana larvae, often resulting in high mortality rates and potential colony collapse. A five-year monitoring program of A. cerana colonies in northern Taiwan was conducted from 2019 to 2023 to assess changes in AcSBV (SBV in A. cerana) prevalence and to investigate the effects of co-culturing Apis cerana with Apis mellifera. The results revealed that AcSBV prevalence peaked in 2019, with infection rates of 66.47% in A. cerana-only apiaries and 56.51% in co-cultured apiaries. The prevalence in both types of apiaries declined by 2021. Notably, AcSBV prevalence was significantly higher in A. cerana-only apiaries during autumn 2019, but by winter 2023, the highest prevalence was observed in co-cultured apiaries, indicated the cross-species infection of AcSBV, and a potential risk of SBV spillover from A. mellifera. The long-term surveillance data highlight an increased risk of SBV cross-species infection during seasonal transitions in autumn and winter, providing valuable insights for developing beekeeping strategies aimed at mitigating sacbrood disease in Taiwan.
{"title":"Five-year surveillance of AcSBV prevalence in Apis cerana in northern Taiwan explore the risk of co-cultured with Apis mellifera","authors":"Zih-Ting Chang , Yu-Shin Nai , Yue-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2026.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2026.102520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sacbrood virus (SBV) poses a significant threat to <em>Apis cerana</em> larvae, often resulting in high mortality rates and potential colony collapse. A five-year monitoring program of <em>A. cerana</em> colonies in northern Taiwan was conducted from 2019 to 2023 to assess changes in AcSBV (SBV in <em>A. cerana</em>) prevalence and to investigate the effects of co-culturing <em>Apis cerana</em> with <em>Apis mellifera</em>. The results revealed that AcSBV prevalence peaked in 2019, with infection rates of 66.47% in <em>A. cerana</em>-only apiaries and 56.51% in co-cultured apiaries. The prevalence in both types of apiaries declined by 2021. Notably, AcSBV prevalence was significantly higher in <em>A. cerana</em>-only apiaries during autumn 2019, but by winter 2023, the highest prevalence was observed in co-cultured apiaries, indicated the cross-species infection of AcSBV, and a potential risk of SBV spillover from <em>A. mellifera</em>. The long-term surveillance data highlight an increased risk of SBV cross-species infection during seasonal transitions in autumn and winter, providing valuable insights for developing beekeeping strategies aimed at mitigating sacbrood disease in Taiwan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honeybees are social insects recognized for their olfactory and symbolic communication abilities. They are attracted to plants by detecting chemical compounds such as floral volatiles in nectar, low-concentration phenolics, sugar compounds, spiroacetals, linalool, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. Additionally, they respond to lures of Japanese beetles and queen bee pheromones but are repelled by certain chemical compounds. Pesticide residues and antimicrobials sprayed by farmers, like neonicotinoids, show detrimental effects on the growth of honeybees and their gut microflora. Floral nectar, often colonized by yeasts and bacteria, undergoes chemical modifications due to microbial byproducts or antibiotics, influencing pollinator perception and health. These microbial interactions affect honeybee foraging behaviors and direct interactions. While visiting flowers, honeybees inadvertently transfer microbes to their hives, which aid in various activities such as breaking down complex substances and carbohydrate digestion. The honeybee microbiota, comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Bacillus spp., fungi, and yeast, also supports ecosystem health and productivity. Thereby, the microbial metabolites, such as various types of amino acids and fatty acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as 2-phenylethanol and acetaldehyde, etc., can modulate nectar chemistry and pollinator behavior by the functional mechanism. Overall, honeybees play an integral role in sustaining ecosystems through their interactions with plants and microbiota. Honeybee microbiome engineering and microbial biocontrol strategies are sustainable approaches that can improve honeybee health and also safeguard pollination mechanisms. This review discusses the intricate relationships between honeybees, plants, and microbes, emphasizing the significance of understanding these dynamics for sustainable development and also the ethical considerations of using honeybees as microbial vectors. Hence, the honeybees contribute to the sustainable development of nature ecology conservation.
{"title":"Ecological interactions among plants, honeybees, and microbes: implications for sustainable ecosystems","authors":"Prem Siva Naga Teja Alapati , Dharmender Kumar , Baljeet Singh Saharan","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeybees are social insects recognized for their olfactory and symbolic communication abilities. They are attracted to plants by detecting chemical compounds such as floral volatiles in nectar, low-concentration phenolics, sugar compounds, spiroacetals, linalool, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. Additionally, they respond to lures of Japanese beetles and queen bee pheromones but are repelled by certain chemical compounds. Pesticide residues and antimicrobials sprayed by farmers, like neonicotinoids, show detrimental effects on the growth of honeybees and their gut microflora. Floral nectar, often colonized by yeasts and bacteria, undergoes chemical modifications due to microbial byproducts or antibiotics, influencing pollinator perception and health. These microbial interactions affect honeybee foraging behaviors and direct interactions. While visiting flowers, honeybees inadvertently transfer microbes to their hives, which aid in various activities such as breaking down complex substances and carbohydrate digestion. The honeybee microbiota, comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB), <em>Bacillus</em> spp., fungi, and yeast, also supports ecosystem health and productivity. Thereby, the microbial metabolites, such as various types of amino acids and fatty acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as 2-phenylethanol and acetaldehyde, etc., can modulate nectar chemistry and pollinator behavior by the functional mechanism. Overall, honeybees play an integral role in sustaining ecosystems through their interactions with plants and microbiota. Honeybee microbiome engineering and microbial biocontrol strategies are sustainable approaches that can improve honeybee health and also safeguard pollination mechanisms. This review discusses the intricate relationships between honeybees, plants, and microbes, emphasizing the significance of understanding these dynamics for sustainable development and also the ethical considerations of using honeybees as microbial vectors. Hence, the honeybees contribute to the sustainable development of nature ecology conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102518
Wei Gao , Rui Peng , Jian-min Yang , Jian-lin Lu , Hong-yun Cao , Ying-huan Li , Chun Li , Wen Fu , Jin Xu
The physiological processes that link body size to environmental temperature and humidity is vital for understanding the evolutionary significance of insect adaptation strategies and mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that both cold and heat stresses significantly affected the survival of Solenopsis invicta workers, with smaller worker ants showing higher mortality than larger ones. Workers who were provided with water or sucrose solution exhibited significantly higher survival under temperature stress than controls. Further measurements showed that smaller workers usually had a higher water loss rate than larger ones, especially under desiccation conditions. Body size- and temperature-specific transcriptional changes were found, where smaller workers had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than larger ones, suggesting that smaller workers are likely to incur greater temperature stresses. The most prominent changes were the remarkable upregulation of Hsps related genes in heat stressed workers, whereas their changes in cold stressed workers were not significant. Both cold and heat stresses induced significantly changes in small molecule protectants, antioxidants, cuticle and excretory related DEGs and pathways. Further, a Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption pathway was enriched in both cold and heat stressed workers. Further analysis revealed 22 water balance related DEGs, such as neurophysin, capa receptor, and diuretic hormone. These results indicate that water homeostasis is crucial for the survival of ants under extreme hot and cold conditions.
{"title":"Body size- and water homeostasis-dependent temperature stress tolerance and transcriptional changes in red fire ant workers","authors":"Wei Gao , Rui Peng , Jian-min Yang , Jian-lin Lu , Hong-yun Cao , Ying-huan Li , Chun Li , Wen Fu , Jin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physiological processes that link body size to environmental temperature and humidity is vital for understanding the evolutionary significance of insect adaptation strategies and mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that both cold and heat stresses significantly affected the survival of <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> workers, with smaller worker ants showing higher mortality than larger ones. Workers who were provided with water or sucrose solution exhibited significantly higher survival under temperature stress than controls. Further measurements showed that smaller workers usually had a higher water loss rate than larger ones, especially under desiccation conditions. Body size- and temperature-specific transcriptional changes were found, where smaller workers had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than larger ones, suggesting that smaller workers are likely to incur greater temperature stresses. The most prominent changes were the remarkable upregulation of Hsps related genes in heat stressed workers, whereas their changes in cold stressed workers were not significant. Both cold and heat stresses induced significantly changes in small molecule protectants, antioxidants, cuticle and excretory related DEGs and pathways. Further, a Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption pathway was enriched in both cold and heat stressed workers. Further analysis revealed 22 water balance related DEGs, such as <em>neurophysin</em>, <em>capa receptor</em>, and <em>diuretic hormone</em>. These results indicate that water homeostasis is crucial for the survival of ants under extreme hot and cold conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the efficacy of a novel wood preservative combining the organic fungicide tebuconazole with the inorganic salts copper sulphate, boric acid and amine oxide against termites and wood borers. While tebuconazole is mainly used to control fungal growth, its potential to protect wood from insect damage was examined. Copper sulphate and boric acid, known for insecticidal properties, were added to enhance resistance, while amine oxide served as a surfactant to improve treatment penetration. Formulations with these components were tested on two hardwood species, Ailanthus excelsa and Mangifera indica, to assess resistance against termites and wood borers. This specific combination and species have not been studied previously. The control samples exhibited over 50 % weight loss due to termite attack, while treated samples showed less than 10 % loss. The number of exit holes in control specimens averaged 36.02 ± 5.85 % for A. excelsa and 29.60 ± 2.02 % for M. indica, compared to only 5.27 ± 1.24 % and 7.36 ± 0.81 % in treated samples. Results highlight the potential of this formulation as an effective wood preservative.
{"title":"Efficacy of a tebuconazole-copper-boron formulation against termites and wood borers in Ailanthus excelsa and Mangifera indica","authors":"Jyoti Papola , Rashmi Ramesh Shanbhag , R. Sundararaj , Anil Kumar Sethy , Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the efficacy of a novel wood preservative combining the organic fungicide tebuconazole with the inorganic salts copper sulphate, boric acid and amine oxide against termites and wood borers. While tebuconazole is mainly used to control fungal growth, its potential to protect wood from insect damage was examined. Copper sulphate and boric acid, known for insecticidal properties, were added to enhance resistance, while amine oxide served as a surfactant to improve treatment penetration. Formulations with these components were tested on two hardwood species, <em>Ailanthus excelsa</em> and <em>Mangifera indica</em>, to assess resistance against termites and wood borers. This specific combination and species have not been studied previously. The control samples exhibited over 50 % weight loss due to termite attack, while treated samples showed less than 10 % loss. The number of exit holes in control specimens averaged 36.02 ± 5.85 % for <em>A. excelsa</em> and 29.60 ± 2.02 % for <em>M. indica</em>, compared to only 5.27 ± 1.24 % and 7.36 ± 0.81 % in treated samples. Results highlight the potential of this formulation as an effective wood preservative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102514
Run-Hui Ma , Wen-Jie Ge , Fei Hu , Ting-Ting Hong , Kiran Thakur , Shun-Ming Tang , Zhao-Jun. Wei
Moderate selenium (Se) supplementation has been shown to promote silkworm growth; however, its metabolic pathway in insects remains poorly understood. In organisms, Se is primarily incorporated as selenocysteine into selenoproteins, including selenoprotein M (SelM), a thioredoxin fold oxidoreductase highly expressed in brain tissue that modulates cellular redox homeostasis and confers neuroprotection. Herein, we predicted the physicochemical and structural features of the silkworm SelM. Gene-specific siRNAs were then micro-injected into silkworms fed with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) (50 μM). SelM disruption reduced body mass, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and shell rate of silkworms, whereas egg production and egg laying mostly remained unchanged. Moreover, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) (50 μM) supplementation alone significantly improved growth factors of silkworms, without any obvious effect on egg production and laying. RT-qPCR revealed lowest SelM transcript levels at 24 h post injection, followed by a gradual recovery; among the three siRNAs tested, SelM-244 had the strongest interfering effect. These data demonstrate that SelM is an indispensable component of Se metabolism in silkworms, coupling Se status to silk protein synthesis and larval growth. Targeted knockdown of SelM provides a tractable platform for dissecting Se metabolism in insects and for designing Se-biofortified sericulture.
{"title":"RNA interference with the selenoprotein M gene inhibits the growth promoting effect by selenium supplementation to silkworm Bombyx mori","authors":"Run-Hui Ma , Wen-Jie Ge , Fei Hu , Ting-Ting Hong , Kiran Thakur , Shun-Ming Tang , Zhao-Jun. Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moderate selenium (Se) supplementation has been shown to promote silkworm growth; however, its metabolic pathway in insects remains poorly understood. In organisms, Se is primarily incorporated as selenocysteine into selenoproteins, including selenoprotein M (SelM), a thioredoxin fold oxidoreductase highly expressed in brain tissue that modulates cellular redox homeostasis and confers neuroprotection. Herein, we predicted the physicochemical and structural features of the silkworm SelM. Gene-specific siRNAs were then micro-injected into silkworms fed with sodium selenite (Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) (50 μM). SelM disruption reduced body mass, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and shell rate of silkworms, whereas egg production and egg laying mostly remained unchanged. Moreover, sodium selenite (Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) (50 μM) supplementation alone significantly improved growth factors of silkworms, without any obvious effect on egg production and laying. RT-qPCR revealed lowest SelM transcript levels at 24 h post injection, followed by a gradual recovery; among the three siRNAs tested, SelM-244 had the strongest interfering effect. These data demonstrate that SelM is an indispensable component of Se metabolism in silkworms, coupling Se status to silk protein synthesis and larval growth. Targeted knockdown of <em>SelM</em> provides a tractable platform for dissecting Se metabolism in insects and for designing Se-biofortified sericulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102512
Meiru Wu , Diying Huang , Chenyang Cai
Leptophlebiidae, a diverse family of Ephemeroptera with a worldwide distribution, plays an important role in freshwater ecosystems. However, Leptophlebiids are only sparsely represented in the fossil record of mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, limiting our understanding of its evolutionary history. Here, we describe a new species of Leptophlebiidae, Crephlebia kachinense sp. nov., based on a male imago preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar, thereby contributing to knowledge of the diversity of this extinct genus. The new species differs from Crephlebia zhoui Chen & Zheng, 2024 in its wing venation, characterized by the absence of free intercalary veins and more crossveins, as well as in the morphology of the penis. This discovery reveals a higher palaeodiversity of Leptophlebiidae during the Cretaceous period, particularly in the fossil resins of Myanmar.
{"title":"A new mayfly species of Crephlebia Chen & Zheng (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber","authors":"Meiru Wu , Diying Huang , Chenyang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptophlebiidae, a diverse family of Ephemeroptera with a worldwide distribution, plays an important role in freshwater ecosystems. However, Leptophlebiids are only sparsely represented in the fossil record of mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, limiting our understanding of its evolutionary history. Here, we describe a new species of Leptophlebiidae, <em>Crephlebia kachinense</em> sp. nov., based on a male imago preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar, thereby contributing to knowledge of the diversity of this extinct genus. The new species differs from <em>Crephlebia zhoui</em> Chen & Zheng, 2024 in its wing venation, characterized by the absence of free intercalary veins and more crossveins, as well as in the morphology of the penis. This discovery reveals a higher palaeodiversity of Leptophlebiidae during the Cretaceous period, particularly in the fossil resins of Myanmar.</div><div>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:29F182B6-768B-42B9-AE82-D33DB7A830F6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102510
Daniel García-López , Yolanda Moguel-Ordoñez , Yasser Chim-Chi , Luis Chel-Guerrero , David Betancur-Ancona
Insects have attracted worldwide interest as a future food source due to their high nutritional value, their ability to be farmed with limited resources, and their reduced environmental impact. The honeybee (A. mellifera) is considered one of the most important and beneficial insects. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects for honeybee brood, larvae, and early and late pupae of drones and workers as new standards for human nutrition, determining their proximate composition, mineral content, and lipid nutritional indices. The findings revealed that honeybee brood exhibited high protein and fat contents, with workers and drones’ late pupae standing out with protein levels of 44 %, while early pupae had the highest lipid levels, with 22 % for drones and 23 % for workers. Potassium and iron were the predominant minerals in both drone and worker samples. Lipid analysis revealed a high proportion of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids, particularly in workers, with the late pupa stage in both castes presenting the highest nutritional lipid indices. These results emphasize the nutritional potential of bee brood, especially late pupae, as a functional ingredient in food, rich in protein and fat, and possessing a lipid profile favorable to human health.
{"title":"Proximate composition, mineral profile, and nutritional lipid indices of drone and worker brood of honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"Daniel García-López , Yolanda Moguel-Ordoñez , Yasser Chim-Chi , Luis Chel-Guerrero , David Betancur-Ancona","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insects have attracted worldwide interest as a future food source due to their high nutritional value, their ability to be farmed with limited resources, and their reduced environmental impact. The honeybee (<em>A. mellifera</em>) is considered one of the most important and beneficial insects. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects for honeybee brood, larvae, and early and late pupae of drones and workers as new standards for human nutrition, determining their proximate composition, mineral content, and lipid nutritional indices. The findings revealed that honeybee brood exhibited high protein and fat contents, with workers and drones’ late pupae standing out with protein levels of 44 %, while early pupae had the highest lipid levels, with 22 % for drones and 23 % for workers. Potassium and iron were the predominant minerals in both drone and worker samples. Lipid analysis revealed a high proportion of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids, particularly in workers, with the late pupa stage in both castes presenting the highest nutritional lipid indices. These results emphasize the nutritional potential of bee brood, especially late pupae, as a functional ingredient in food, rich in protein and fat, and possessing a lipid profile favorable to human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Article 102510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mycobiome of the fruit fly plays a vital role in the host’s physiology and behavior. This host-microbe interaction can be leveraged for biological pest control, particularly against Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel; Diptera: Tephritidae), a major fruit pest. The current study focuses on insecticidal and repellent properties of a fungal species naturally associated with Zaprionus indianus (Gupta; Diptera: Drosophilidae), as a control agent to target B. dorsalis under the laboratory conditions. Preliminary screenings identified the fungal strain, Pichia kudriavzevii zibd3 as a promising candidate. A formulation combining P. kudriavzevii zibd3 with Essential oil Citral (EOC) demonstrated higher thermal and cold stability compared to Guava oil (GV)-zibd3 formulation. In addition, EOC-zibd3 formulation exhibited significant larval mortality, exceeding 80 %. Further analyses revealed that P. kudriavzevii-based formulation possesses strong repellent activity, with a repellency index of 100 ± 0.5. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) identified several volatile compounds contributing to this effect, including 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole, mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, naphthalene, cyclohexadiene, ethanone, and tridecanoic acid. These findings highlight that fungal species naturally associated with the host may serve as a reservoir of repellent compounds, which could be harnessed and optimized for effective fruit fly pest management under field conditions.
{"title":"Development of the Pichia kudriazevii-Essential oil-based bio-formulation for the management of Oriental fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis","authors":"Seema Ramniwas , Aanchal Sharma , Dhara Kalariya , Girish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mycobiome of the fruit fly plays a vital role in the host’s physiology and behavior. This host-microbe interaction can be leveraged for biological pest control, particularly against Oriental fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em> (Hendel; Diptera: Tephritidae), a major fruit pest. The current study focuses on insecticidal and repellent properties of a fungal species naturally associated with <em>Zaprionus indianus</em> (Gupta; Diptera: Drosophilidae), as a control agent to target <em>B. dorsalis</em> under the laboratory conditions. Preliminary screenings identified the fungal strain, <em>Pichia kudriavzevii zibd3</em> as a promising candidate. A formulation combining <em>P. kudriavzevii zibd3</em> with Essential oil Citral (EOC) demonstrated higher thermal and cold stability compared to Guava oil (GV)-<em>zibd3</em> formulation. In addition, EOC-<em>zibd3</em> formulation exhibited significant larval mortality, exceeding 80 %. Further analyses revealed that <em>P. kudriavzevii</em>-based formulation possesses strong repellent activity, with a repellency index of 100 ± 0.5. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) identified several volatile compounds contributing to this effect, including 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole, mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, naphthalene, cyclohexadiene, ethanone, and tridecanoic acid. These findings highlight that fungal species naturally associated with the host may serve as a reservoir of repellent compounds, which could be harnessed and optimized for effective fruit fly pest management under field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Article 102511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102509
John M. Kirsch, Jia-Wei Tay
Since their introduction in Hawai‘i, mosquitoes have contributed to declines in native bird populations and to multiple dengue outbreaks across the islands. The most prevalent mosquito throughout Oahu, in both urban and rural environments, is Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Ovipositional trapping and larval habitat sampling were conducted to create generalized linear models to evaluate how urbanization affects Ae. albopictus abundance and to assess its environmental plasticity across three sites in Nu‘uanu Valley, Oahu, Hawai‘i. Four consecutive weeks of ovitrapping resulted in 31 eggs at the low site, 410 eggs at the middle site, and 85 eggs at the high site. Due to differences in mosquito abundance among sites, we evaluated population drivers including potential larval habitats, abiotic environmental factors, and four measurements of urbanization (total building area, percentage of building area, average building size, and number of buildings). The negative binomial model results indicated that Ae. albopictus was more prevalent in areas containing high densities of small buildings with the average building footprint size being a significant predictor. The elevation and density of potential natural breeding sites were not significant factors contributing to abundance of Ae. albopictus. Because most of these buildings were homes, we posit that residents of these areas located in the Nu‘uanu Valley have a higher risk of mosquito encounters than in other sites evaluated. These single-family residential neighborhoods offer a starting point for mosquito control operations during the next dengue outbreak in Hawai‘i.
{"title":"Modeling Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance in Nu‘uanu Valley, Hawai‘i: The role of building footprint size","authors":"John M. Kirsch, Jia-Wei Tay","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since their introduction in Hawai‘i, mosquitoes have contributed to declines in native bird populations and to multiple dengue outbreaks across the islands. The most prevalent mosquito throughout Oahu, in both urban and rural environments, is <em>Aedes albopictus</em> (Skuse). Ovipositional trapping and larval habitat sampling were conducted to create generalized linear models to evaluate how urbanization affects <em>Ae. albopictus</em> abundance and to assess its environmental plasticity across three sites in Nu‘uanu Valley, Oahu, Hawai‘i. Four consecutive weeks of ovitrapping resulted in 31 eggs at the low site, 410 eggs at the middle site, and 85 eggs at the high site. Due to differences in mosquito abundance among sites, we evaluated population drivers including potential larval habitats, abiotic environmental factors, and four measurements of urbanization (total building area, percentage of building area, average building size, and number of buildings). The negative binomial model results indicated that <em>Ae. albopictus</em> was more prevalent in areas containing high densities of small buildings with the average building footprint size being a significant predictor. The elevation and density of potential natural breeding sites were not significant factors contributing to abundance of <em>Ae. albopictus</em>. Because most of these buildings were homes, we posit that residents of these areas located in the Nu‘uanu Valley have a higher risk of mosquito encounters than in other sites evaluated. These single-family residential neighborhoods offer a starting point for mosquito control operations during the next dengue outbreak in Hawai‘i.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Article 102509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102508
Uzoma Donatus Anugwom , Auwalu Hassan Audi
Insect pests contribute to yield losses of up to 40 % in major arable crops across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), posing significant threats to food security and farmer livelihoods. Conventional reliance on synthetic pesticides is increasingly unsustainable due to pest resistance, health concerns, and environmental risks. This review examines the status, adoption patterns, and effectiveness of pheromone-based pest management in SSA, with emphasis on Spodoptera frugiperda, Tuta absoluta, and Maruca vitrata. Evidence from pilot studies demonstrates that pheromone interventions can reduce pest populations by 35–70 %, and successful integrations have been reported in countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and Benin. Nevertheless, widespread adoption is constrained by several systemic barriers, including weak regulatory frameworks, dependence on imported lures, insufficient local production, inconsistent field efficacy across agroecologies, and limited farmer awareness and extension support. Comparative insights from developed regions reveal both opportunities for scaling and persistent gaps that SSA must overcome. Strengthening regional research and development (R&D) capacity, establishing local manufacturing, aligning policies, and improving farmer education are critical for mainstreaming pheromone-based IPM and reducing pesticide reliance in SSA’s agricultural systems.
{"title":"Potential of pheromone attractants for managing insect pests of arable crops in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Uzoma Donatus Anugwom , Auwalu Hassan Audi","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2025.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect pests contribute to yield losses of up to 40 % in major arable crops across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), posing significant threats to food security and farmer livelihoods. Conventional reliance on synthetic pesticides is increasingly unsustainable due to pest resistance, health concerns, and environmental risks. This review examines the status, adoption patterns, and effectiveness of pheromone-based pest management in SSA, with emphasis on Spodoptera frugiperda, Tuta absoluta, and Maruca vitrata. Evidence from pilot studies demonstrates that pheromone interventions can reduce pest populations by 35–70 %, and successful integrations have been reported in countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and Benin. Nevertheless, widespread adoption is constrained by several systemic barriers, including weak regulatory frameworks, dependence on imported lures, insufficient local production, inconsistent field efficacy across agroecologies, and limited farmer awareness and extension support. Comparative insights from developed regions reveal both opportunities for scaling and persistent gaps that SSA must overcome. Strengthening regional research and development (R&D) capacity, establishing local manufacturing, aligning policies, and improving farmer education are critical for mainstreaming pheromone-based IPM and reducing pesticide reliance in SSA’s agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 102508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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