Adverse events of direct factor Xa inhibitors: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.

Objectives: Direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, commonly used direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), are widely used to prevent and treat stroke and venous thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess and compare reports of adverse events associated with rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic events.

Methods: Reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Medications and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), and the information component (IC) were used to perform a risk assessment of adverse event reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for the years 2018-2022.

Results: Combined with disproportionality analysis in different backgrounds, the salient risks of the three-factor Xa inhibitors varied. Rivaroxaban had the most significant risk of hemorrhage, apixaban had a higher incidence and risk of death, cardiac and cerebral adverse events, and edoxaban showed a more prominent risk in the kidneys and urinary system.

Conclusion: Hemorrhage is a common risk with factor Xa inhibitors, with rivaroxaban being the most significant. Apixaban and edoxaban also showed significant association with non-hemorrhagic adverse events, and increased attention to non-hemorrhagic adverse events is needed in clinical use.