{"title":"鳏寡前的社会支持与孤独模式的关系:利用健康与退休研究的增长混合模型。","authors":"Gina Lee, Natasha Nemmers, Daniel Russell","doi":"10.1080/13607863.2024.2367045","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The first aim of the study is to compare loneliness levels between widowed and non-widowed older adults. The second aim is to identify distinct loneliness patterns among widowed individuals and explore the impact of pre-spousal loss social support on loneliness during and after bereavement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the Health and Retirement Study were utilized to compare loneliness levels between widowed (<i>n</i> = 137) and non-widowed (<i>n</i> = 2361) older adults (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 69.01). <i>T</i>-tests and latent growth curve models were conducted to compare loneliness levels between the two groups. Growth mixture models were computed to identify distinct loneliness patterns among the widowed individuals. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine how pre-widowhood social support was associated with the obtained classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that widowed individuals reported significantly higher levels of loneliness at T2. Among widowed individuals, three distinct loneliness patterns were identified: Increased Loneliness (IL) group (<i>n</i> = 32); Low and Stable Loneliness (LSL) group (<i>n</i> = 88); and Decreased Loneliness (DL) group (<i>n</i> = 17). The IL and DL group were less likely to receive social support from spouse, children, and friends compared to the LSL group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of the protective effect of pre-widowhood social support on the psychological well-being of older adults after spousal loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":55546,"journal":{"name":"Aging & Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Pre-widowhood social support is linked to loneliness patterns: a growth mixture model using the health and retirement study.\",\"authors\":\"Gina Lee, Natasha Nemmers, Daniel Russell\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13607863.2024.2367045\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The first aim of the study is to compare loneliness levels between widowed and non-widowed older adults. The second aim is to identify distinct loneliness patterns among widowed individuals and explore the impact of pre-spousal loss social support on loneliness during and after bereavement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the Health and Retirement Study were utilized to compare loneliness levels between widowed (<i>n</i> = 137) and non-widowed (<i>n</i> = 2361) older adults (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 69.01). <i>T</i>-tests and latent growth curve models were conducted to compare loneliness levels between the two groups. Growth mixture models were computed to identify distinct loneliness patterns among the widowed individuals. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine how pre-widowhood social support was associated with the obtained classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that widowed individuals reported significantly higher levels of loneliness at T2. Among widowed individuals, three distinct loneliness patterns were identified: Increased Loneliness (IL) group (<i>n</i> = 32); Low and Stable Loneliness (LSL) group (<i>n</i> = 88); and Decreased Loneliness (DL) group (<i>n</i> = 17). The IL and DL group were less likely to receive social support from spouse, children, and friends compared to the LSL group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of the protective effect of pre-widowhood social support on the psychological well-being of older adults after spousal loss.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55546,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aging & Mental Health\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aging & Mental Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2367045\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aging & Mental Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2367045","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Pre-widowhood social support is linked to loneliness patterns: a growth mixture model using the health and retirement study.
Objectives: The first aim of the study is to compare loneliness levels between widowed and non-widowed older adults. The second aim is to identify distinct loneliness patterns among widowed individuals and explore the impact of pre-spousal loss social support on loneliness during and after bereavement.
Method: Data from the Health and Retirement Study were utilized to compare loneliness levels between widowed (n = 137) and non-widowed (n = 2361) older adults (Mage = 69.01). T-tests and latent growth curve models were conducted to compare loneliness levels between the two groups. Growth mixture models were computed to identify distinct loneliness patterns among the widowed individuals. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine how pre-widowhood social support was associated with the obtained classes.
Results: The results revealed that widowed individuals reported significantly higher levels of loneliness at T2. Among widowed individuals, three distinct loneliness patterns were identified: Increased Loneliness (IL) group (n = 32); Low and Stable Loneliness (LSL) group (n = 88); and Decreased Loneliness (DL) group (n = 17). The IL and DL group were less likely to receive social support from spouse, children, and friends compared to the LSL group.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the protective effect of pre-widowhood social support on the psychological well-being of older adults after spousal loss.
期刊介绍:
Aging & Mental Health provides a leading international forum for the rapidly expanding field which investigates the relationship between the aging process and mental health. The journal addresses the mental changes associated with normal and abnormal or pathological aging, as well as the psychological and psychiatric problems of the aging population. The journal also has a strong commitment to interdisciplinary and innovative approaches that explore new topics and methods.
Aging & Mental Health covers the biological, psychological and social aspects of aging as they relate to mental health. In particular it encourages an integrated approach for examining various biopsychosocial processes and etiological factors associated with psychological changes in the elderly. It also emphasizes the various strategies, therapies and services which may be directed at improving the mental health of the elderly and their families. In this way the journal promotes a strong alliance among the theoretical, experimental and applied sciences across a range of issues affecting mental health and aging. The emphasis of the journal is on rigorous quantitative, and qualitative, research and, high quality innovative studies on emerging topics.