{"title":"荧光碳点及其在核酸检测、核仁靶向成像和基因传递中的应用综述","authors":"Arumugam Selva Sharma and Nae Yoon Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4AN00630E","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure–function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. The unique physical and chemical properties of CDs, particularly their strong affinity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have spurred interest in gene delivery applications. The use of nuclear-targeting peptides, polymers, and ligands in conjunction with CDs for improved gene delivery applications have been systematically reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges associated with CDs in biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comprehensive review on fluorescent carbon dots and their applications in nucleic acid detection, nucleolus targeted imaging and gene delivery\",\"authors\":\"Arumugam Selva Sharma and Nae Yoon Lee\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4AN00630E\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure–function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
碳点(CD),包括碳量子点、石墨烯量子点、碳纳米点和聚合物点,因其独特的结构和荧光特性而备受关注。这篇综述全面概述了 CD 的分类、结构特征和荧光特性,随后探讨了各种荧光传感机制及其在基因检测、核仁成像和基因递送中的应用。此外,还系统地研究了 CD 与各种表面配体分子(包括染料分子、核酸探针和金属衍生物)的功能化,以实现灵敏的核酸检测。细胞核的荧光成像在研究细胞内过程和亚细胞结构动态方面发挥着重要作用。通过分析 CD 本身的荧光机制和结构功能关系,讨论了 CD 在不同细胞系中的核仁靶向能力。此外,CDs 细胞器特异性不足和核仁靶向机制不一致等挑战也得到了强调。CD具有独特的物理和化学特性,尤其是对脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)具有很强的亲和力,这激发了人们对基因递送应用的兴趣。本文系统地综述了将核靶向肽、聚合物和配体与 CD 结合使用以改进基因递送应用的情况。通过全面分析,该综述旨在帮助人们更深入地了解 CDs 在生物医学应用中的潜力和挑战。
Comprehensive review on fluorescent carbon dots and their applications in nucleic acid detection, nucleolus targeted imaging and gene delivery
Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure–function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. The unique physical and chemical properties of CDs, particularly their strong affinity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have spurred interest in gene delivery applications. The use of nuclear-targeting peptides, polymers, and ligands in conjunction with CDs for improved gene delivery applications have been systematically reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges associated with CDs in biomedical applications.