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Exploring the role of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices in salivary diagnostics - from the concept to clinical applications 探讨微流控纸基分析装置在唾液诊断中的作用-从概念到临床应用

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1039/d5an01316j

Lucas Rodrigues Sousa, Larissa Garcia Velasco, Sandra Gabriela Vlachovsky, Federico Figueredo, Eduardo Cortón, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have evolved significantly over the last few decades, from simple colorimetric strips to multifunctional lab-on-a-chip systems. This review focuses on advances in µPAD development, with particular emphasis on their application in salivary diagnostics. It covers fundamental aspects of these devices, including fabrication methods, detection strategies (with emphasis on colorimetry and electrochemistry), key biomarkers under investigation, and current challenges. Saliva has emerged as a promising diagnostic fluid due to its non-invasive collection, low risk, and diverse biochemical content, including proteins, enzymes, hormones, and nucleic acids. Salivary diagnostics on µPADs are closely aligned with the WHO's ASSURED criteria, making them highly promising for primary care and resource-limited settings. While some salivary biomarkers are clinically established, many remain understudied and require more accurate screening and comparison with conventional diagnostic methods. Our review also highlights that the remaining challenges, such as biomarker variability, integration of sample pretreatment steps, and interference from biological components, have been resolved for the scientific community. In doing so, we present the state of the art and the ongoing advances that are essential to establish µPADs as accessible and effective tools in global public health.

在过去的几十年里，微流控纸分析设备（µPADs）已经从简单的比色条发展到多功能的芯片实验室系统。本文综述了微PAD的发展进展，特别强调了它们在唾液诊断中的应用。它涵盖了这些设备的基本方面，包括制造方法，检测策略（重点是比色法和电化学），正在研究的关键生物标志物，以及当前的挑战。唾液因其无创采集、低风险和多种生化成分（包括蛋白质、酶、激素和核酸）而成为一种很有前途的诊断液体。微pad的唾液诊断与世卫组织的ASSURED标准密切一致，使其在初级保健和资源有限的环境中非常有希望。虽然一些唾液生物标志物在临床上已经建立，但许多仍未得到充分研究，需要更准确的筛选和与传统诊断方法的比较。我们的回顾还强调了科学界已经解决了剩余的挑战，如生物标志物可变性、样品预处理步骤的整合以及生物成分的干扰。在此过程中，我们介绍了最先进的技术和正在取得的进展，这些进展对于使微pad成为全球公共卫生中可获得和有效的工具至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Lyophilised colourimetric LAMP for visual readout with dual colour indicators 冻干比色灯，具有双色指示

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1039/d5an01238d

Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas, Oliver W. Stringer, Matthew L. Cavuto, Alison Holmes, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is increasingly recognised as a practical alternative to PCR for pathogen detection, offering rapid turnaround time, a constant operating temperature, and compatibility with a wide range of detection methods. Colourimetric LAMP has gained popularity due to its potential for instrument-free readout, making it suitable for molecular diagnostics in low-resource settings. Despite these advantages, its adoption at the point-of-care remains limited as it has been widely used in liquid format and therefore restricted to the availability of cold-chain storage and trained personnel. This work introduces the development and optimisation of ready-to-use lyophilised colourimetric LAMP (lyo-cLAMP) that does not require cold-chain, additional reagents, or manual intervention beyond the addition of extracted nucleic acids from a sample, which indicates the presence of a target of interest by colour change after amplification. A variety of pH and metal indicators were screened and combined to evaluate their synergy, identifying four combinations with high discrimination between positive and negative amplification. The performance of lyo-cLAMP was assessed with synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA, comparing it to the liquid format and achieving the same limit-of-detection. Lastly, the translation of lyo-cLAMP to diagnostic applications was demonstrated by screening positive SARS-CoV-2 residual clinical samples, achieving high accuracy. The developed lyo-cLAMP is compatible with any LAMP assay, allowing for rapid adaptation to new targets, which is particularly valuable in outbreak scenarios.

环介导的等温扩增（LAMP）越来越被认为是一种实用的替代PCR的病原体检测，提供快速的周转时间，恒定的工作温度，并与广泛的检测方法兼容。比色LAMP由于其无仪器读出的潜力而受到欢迎，使其适用于低资源环境中的分子诊断。尽管有这些优点，它在护理点的采用仍然有限，因为它已广泛以液体形式使用，因此受限于冷链储存和训练有素的人员的可用性。这项工作介绍了即用型冻干比色LAMP （lyo-cLAMP）的开发和优化，它不需要冷链、额外的试剂或人工干预，除了从样品中添加提取的核酸，这表明通过扩增后的颜色变化存在感兴趣的目标。对多种pH和金属指示剂进行筛选和组合，评价其协同作用，筛选出4种阳性和阴性扩增区分度较高的组合。用合成的SARS-CoV-2 RNA评估lyo-cLAMP的性能，将其与液体格式进行比较，并获得相同的检测限。最后，通过筛查SARS-CoV-2阳性残留临床样本，证明lyo-cLAMP可转化为诊断应用，具有较高的准确性。开发的lyo-cLAMP与任何LAMP检测兼容，允许快速适应新的目标，这在疫情情况下特别有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) enables rapid analysis of new psychoactive substances with ion mobility-mass spectrometry. 介质阻挡放电电离（DBDI）使离子迁移-质谱法快速分析新的精神活性物质成为可能。

IF 3.3 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00028b

Bradley B Garrison, Copeland R Johnson, Ralph Aderorho, Christopher D Chouinard

New psychoactive substances (NPS) present a major public health crisis across the world due to their variable potency, constant evolution within the recreational drug community, and ability to skirt legal/policy regulations. Because of the frequency with which new substances are introduced, it is increasingly difficult for clinical, toxicological, and forensic laboratories to keep up with the newest drug threats, presenting a critical need for development of rapid analytical methods capable of confident structural characterization. In the present work, we demonstrate successful coupling of a commercial dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source to two ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) instruments, including high-resolution Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM). The DBDI source enables rapid introduction of NPS which can subsequently be characterized by IM-MS. Specifically, we show that IM can be used to differentiate structural isomers of synthetic cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, nitazenes, and fentanyl analogues with very minor differences in their collision cross sections (CCS). We also note that the mobility spectra for those compounds presenting protonation site isomers ("protomers") differed from previous work on electrospray ionization (ESI)-generated species from our group and others; this observation is not unsurprising given the different fundamental mechanism of DBD ionization and warrants future interrogation. Finally, we demonstrate the combination of ion mobility with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for mobility-aligned fragmentation that provided additional structural information for confident characterization. The coupling of DBDI with IM-MS/MS (especially high-resolution IM) constitutes a powerful approach for rapid analysis of several classes of NPS that could be used to improve throughput in the future.

新型精神活性物质（NPS）由于其多变的效力，在娱乐性药物社区内不断演变，以及能够绕过法律/政策法规，在全球范围内造成了重大的公共卫生危机。由于新物质的频繁引入，临床、毒理学和法医实验室越来越难以跟上最新的药物威胁，因此迫切需要开发能够自信地进行结构表征的快速分析方法。在目前的工作中，我们展示了商业介质阻挡放电电离（DBDI）源与两个离子迁移-质谱（IM-MS）仪器的成功耦合，包括用于无损离子操作（SLIM）的高分辨率结构。DBDI源可以快速引入NPS，随后可以通过IM-MS对其进行表征。具体来说，我们发现IM可以用来区分合成大麻素、苯二氮卓类、nitazene和芬太尼类似物的结构异构体，它们的碰撞截面（CCS）差异很小。我们还注意到，那些具有质子化位点异构体（“原构体”）的化合物的迁移率谱与我们的团队和其他人之前对电喷雾电离（ESI）产生的物种的研究不同；考虑到DBD电离的不同基本机制，这一观察结果并不令人惊讶，值得未来的研究。最后，我们展示了离子迁移率与串联质谱（MS/MS）相结合的迁移率对齐碎片，为确定表征提供了额外的结构信息。DBDI与IM-MS/MS（尤其是高分辨率IM）的耦合构成了一种强大的方法，可用于快速分析几类NPS，这些NPS可用于提高未来的吞吐量。

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引用次数: 0

A Nickel-Based Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Platform for Glucose Detection 一种镍基双极电化学发光平台用于葡萄糖检测

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00092d

Xianchuan Dong, Yaoxuan Wang, Jing Sui, Siqi Huang, Feifei Zhang, Zonghua Wang

A nickel-based multichannel bipolar electrochemiluminescence (BP-ECL) sensor was reported for the rapid and non-invasive detection of glucose in urine. The bipolar electrodes are fabricated using nickel, an inexpensive material with excellent catalytic activity, thereby reducing the cost of mass-scale device fabrication from the source. The detection mechanism relies on the glucose oxidase-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide, which proportionally enhances the luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity. The optimized sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.1 μM and a linear response across the range of 1.0 to 500.0 μM, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and stability. The developed multichannel BP-ECL sensor can be powered with only two commercial alkaline batteries (~3.2 V) without the need for sophisticated instrumentation, highlighting its significant potential for point-of-care testing and home-based health monitoring. The overall system features low cost, simple operation, and fast response, offering a feasible technical solution for daily monitoring of chronic diseases and primary healthcare screening.

报道了一种镍基多通道双极电化学发光（BP-ECL）传感器，用于快速无创检测尿液中的葡萄糖。双极电极是用镍制造的，镍是一种廉价的材料，具有优异的催化活性，从而从源头上降低了大规模设备制造的成本。检测机制依赖于葡萄糖氧化酶介导的过氧化氢的产生，过氧化氢成比例地增强了发光氨电化学发光（ECL）强度。优化后的传感器检测限为0.1 μM，线性响应范围为1.0 ~ 500.0 μM，具有良好的灵敏度和稳定性。开发的多通道BP-ECL传感器只需使用两节商用碱性电池（~3.2 V）供电，无需复杂的仪器，突出了其在护理点测试和家庭健康监测方面的巨大潜力。整个系统成本低、操作简单、反应速度快，为慢性病日常监测和初级卫生保健筛查提供了可行的技术解决方案。

引用次数: 0

Portable and point-of-care molecular detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp 对虾致病性副溶血性弧菌的便携式和定点分子检测

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00099a

Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh, Kieu The Loan Trinh, Hanh An Nguyen, Huynh Minh Triet Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Hong Nhi, Vo Thi Tuyet Minh, Nguyen Nhat Nam, Nae Yoon Lee

In the Mekong Delta regions, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a globally serious threat for shrimp farming. AHPND is mainly caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the plasmid that encodes the virulence genes, namely, Photorhabdus insect-related (pir). One of the best measures to control the outbreak in shrimp is to rapidly and accurately determine the virulent gene of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, we developed a novel molecular assay that combines Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card-embedded tube for nucleic acid extraction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect pirA gene of causative V. parahaemolyticus with a pH-based colorimetric readout. To improve the usability of LAMP assay, a palm-sized three-dimensional (3D) - printed heater operated by batteries was employed to apply heat for the amplification reaction on site. The strategy has high specificity and sensitivity with a limit of detection as low as 102 CFU/mL. The assay can be completed within 75 min at 65 °C. Next, to prove the feasibility of the test for real samples, shrimp collected from shrimp farm was used and spiked with bacteria. The strategy proved the ability for performing three main steps of nucleic acid-based assay for detection including sample extraction, amplification, and detection at the point-of-care for detecting the toxic pirA gene in V. parahaemolyticus. This strategy can also be a cost-effective and rapid tool which can be a potential candidate for on-site disease control in low-resource areas.

在湄公河三角洲地区，急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）是全球对虾养殖的严重威胁。AHPND主要由副溶血性弧菌携带编码毒力基因的质粒引起，即photohabduus昆虫相关基因（pir）。快速、准确地测定副溶血性弧菌毒力基因是控制对虾暴发的最佳措施之一。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新的分子检测方法，该方法结合了Flinders Technology Associates （FTA）的卡片嵌入管进行核酸提取和环介导等温扩增（LAMP），以ph为基础的比色读出检测致病性副溶血性弧菌的pirA基因。为了提高LAMP检测的可用性，使用了一个手掌大小的三维（3D）打印加热器，由电池驱动，在现场为扩增反应加热。该方法特异性高，灵敏度高，检出限低至102 CFU/mL。在65°C条件下，检测可在75分钟内完成。接下来，为了证明测试对真实样品的可行性，我们使用了从养虾场收集的虾并添加了细菌。该策略证明能够执行基于核酸的检测方法的三个主要步骤，包括样品提取、扩增和在护理点检测副溶血性弧菌毒性pirA基因。这种策略也可以是一种具有成本效益和快速的工具，可作为资源匮乏地区现场疾病控制的潜在候选方法。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-sensitive photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on a CdIn2S4/ZnSnO3 composite for the detection of adenosine triphosphate 基于CdIn2S4/ZnSnO3复合材料的超灵敏光电感应传感器检测三磷酸腺苷

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00158k

Ling Zhang, Lu-Ying Wang, Yu-Ping Wei, Jingshuai Chen, Hui Zhu, Xing-Pei Liu, Chang-Jie Mao, Bao-Kang Jin

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular signaling molecule in the human body. Its abnormal expression is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases, and accurate detection is of great significance for early disease diagnosis. However, conventional photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors still suffer from low visible-light utilization, serious recombination of photogenerated carriers and limited detection sensitivity, making it difficult to achieve accurate detection of low-abundance ATP. In this work, an enzyme-catalyzed PEC aptasensor based on a CdIn2S4/ZnSnO3 (CIS/ZSO) heterojunction was constructed. The heterojunction significantly enhances visible-light absorption and promotes the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, with a photocurrent response approximately 10 times higher than that of pure CdIn2S4. In the presence of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the amino-functionalized MnFe2O4 (MnFe2O4-NH2) nanozyme with outstanding peroxidase-like activity catalyzes the production of insoluble ox-DAB precipitates. The precipitate hinders interfacial electron transfer via steric hindrance and decreases the photocurrent. With specific recognition of ATP, the amount of MnFe2O4-NH2 on the electrode surface was reduced, the photocurrent was recovered and a signal-on detection mode was achieved. The aptasensor exhibits a linear range from 10-12 to 10-7 g/mL with a detection limit of 0.33 pg/mL, together with satisfactory reproducibility, stability and practical applicability. This work provides a new strategy for the efficient detection of low-abundance biological small molecules and a new approach for early clinical monitoring and diagnosis of diseases.

三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是人体重要的细胞外信号分子。其异常表达与各种疾病的发生发展密切相关，准确检测对疾病早期诊断具有重要意义。然而，传统的光电化学（PEC）传感器仍然存在可见光利用率低、光生载流子复合严重、检测灵敏度有限等问题，难以实现对低丰度ATP的准确检测。本文构建了一种基于CdIn2S4/ZnSnO3 （CIS/ZSO）异质结的酶催化PEC配体传感器。该异质结显著增强了可见光吸收，促进了光生载流子的分离和输运，光电流响应比纯CdIn2S4高约10倍。在3,3′-二氨基联苯胺（DAB）和过氧化氢（H2O2）存在下，氨基功能化的MnFe2O4 （MnFe2O4- nh2）纳米酶具有优异的过氧化物酶样活性，可催化生成不溶的氧-DAB沉淀物。析出物通过位阻阻碍了界面电子转移，降低了光电流。通过对ATP的特异性识别，减少了电极表面MnFe2O4-NH2的含量，恢复了光电流，实现了信号导通检测模式。该传感器在10-12 ~ 10-7 g/mL的线性范围内，检出限为0.33 pg/mL，具有良好的重现性、稳定性和实用性。本研究为低丰度生物小分子的高效检测提供了新策略，为疾病的临床早期监测和诊断提供了新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Deep Profiling of Porcine Brain Gangliosides Enabled by TiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Enrichment and Advanced Lipidomic Analysis 基于TiO2磁性纳米颗粒富集和高级脂质组学分析的猪脑神经节苷类的深度分析

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00100a

Yichun Wang, Yu Xia

Gangliosides are a class of glycosphingolipids highly enriched in the central nervous system which play key roles in neurological functions and pathologies. Deep profiling of gangliosides remains challenging due to their low abundance, high structural complexity, and matrix effect. Recently, we have developed a method for cellular ganglioside enrichment using TiO2 magnetic nanoparticles; however, the large difference within the brain lipidome demands significant modification of the method. Herein, we introduce a tailored enrichment procedure which selectively depletes major brain-specific interfering lipids, thereby allowing the enrichment of gangliosides with up to four sialic acid residues. Furthermore, the integration of amide-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with trapped ion mobility spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry greatly facilitates the discovery of new ganglioside structures. Applied to porcine brain total lipid extract, we achieve the identification 239 species across 40 subclasses, including newly discovered GD1c and O-Ac-GD1c, with 184 of them characterized at the chain composition level. Compared to the fewer than 15 subclasses identified in brain gangliosides using non-enriched approaches, our data present the most extensive structural atlas of brain gangliosides reported to date. This approach holds promise for investigating brain ganglioside metabolism involved in neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, and other neurological contexts.

神经节苷脂是一类在中枢神经系统中高度富集的鞘糖脂，在神经功能和病理中起关键作用。由于其低丰度、高结构复杂性和基质效应，神经节苷类化合物的深度分析仍然具有挑战性。最近，我们开发了一种利用TiO2磁性纳米颗粒富集细胞神经节苷脂的方法；然而，脑脂质组的巨大差异要求对方法进行重大修改。在此，我们引入了一种量身定制的富集程序，选择性地消耗主要的脑特异性干扰脂质，从而允许富含多达四个唾液酸残基的神经节苷脂。此外，酰胺-亲水性相互作用液相色谱法与捕获离子迁移率谱法和串联质谱法的结合极大地促进了神经节苷脂新结构的发现。将其应用于猪脑总脂提取物中，共鉴定出40个亚类239个物种，其中包括新发现的GD1c和O-Ac-GD1c，其中184个在链组成水平上进行了鉴定。与使用非富集方法鉴定的少于15个脑神经节苷类亚类相比，我们的数据提供了迄今为止报道的最广泛的脑神经节苷类结构图谱。这种方法有望研究与神经发育、神经退行性变和其他神经系统相关的脑神经节苷脂代谢。

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引用次数: 0

A hollow-core fiber based optofluidic chip for rapid immunofluorescence detection with simultaneous enhancement of sensitivity and enrichment efficiency. 一种基于空心光纤的快速免疫荧光检测光流芯片，可同时提高灵敏度和富集效率。

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1039/d5an01308a

Xiao Ren,Tian Wen,Yukai Liu,Xiaoxian Liu,Feng Lin,Zhenyong Dong,Hao Wang,Lunbiao Cui,Yan-Qing Lu,Guanghui Wang

Although conventional ELISA is highly sensitive, its intricate workflow, significant background interference and dependence on laboratory infrastructure severely restrict its use for on-site testing. Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are simple and portable, yet the numerous manual steps and inability to deliver truly quantitative results lead to inadequate sensitivity and poor reliability, failing to meet clinical requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an immunological method that is both highly sensitive and simple to perform. Here, we propose an all-fiber optofluidic immunosensor based on a hollow-core fiber (HCF) that integrates the entire assay onto a single microfluidic chip. A standard fiber is inserted into the HCF for direct light coupling, and the gap between the two fibers serves as the sample inlet, eliminating external pumps and tubing. The inner wall of the HCF can be functionalized, providing an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio; the long, confined microchannel shortens analyte diffusion distances and prolongs residence time, markedly improving antibody-capture efficiency and reducing enrichment duration. Coaxial propagation of both light and the sample inside the HCF strengthens light-matter interaction and enhances fluorescence collection efficiency. Without any pre-incubation, quantitative detection of influenza A antigen is completed within 10 min, achieving a limit of detection of 2.41 pg mL-1. The limit of detection and assay time of this method are both lower than those of many conventional lateral flow immunoassay cases, and the method exhibits excellent reproducibility and specificity. The proposed HCF microfluidic chip successfully breaks the conventional sensitivity-versus-speed trade-off, offering a promising solution for rapid point-of-care clinical diagnostics.

尽管传统ELISA具有高灵敏度，但其复杂的工作流程、明显的背景干扰和对实验室基础设施的依赖严重限制了其在现场检测中的应用。横向流动测定法（LFAs）简单便携，但手工步骤多，无法提供真正定量的结果，导致灵敏度不足，可靠性差，无法满足临床需求。因此，迫切需要一种灵敏度高、操作简单的免疫学方法。在这里，我们提出了一种基于空心芯光纤（HCF）的全光纤光流免疫传感器，该传感器将整个分析集成到单个微流控芯片上。在HCF中插入一根标准光纤用于直接光耦合，两根光纤之间的间隙用作样品入口，从而消除了外部泵和油管。HCF的内壁可以功能化，提供极高的表面体积比；长而密闭的微通道缩短了分析物的扩散距离，延长了停留时间，显著提高了抗体捕获效率，缩短了富集时间。光和样品在HCF内的同轴传播增强了光-物质相互作用，提高了荧光收集效率。无需任何预孵育，10 min内即可完成甲型流感抗原的定量检测，检测限为2.41 pg mL-1。该方法的检出限和测定时间均低于许多常规侧流免疫分析病例，并具有良好的重现性和特异性。提出的HCF微流控芯片成功打破了传统的灵敏度与速度权衡，为快速的即时临床诊断提供了一个有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the Resolution of Permanent Gas Analytes Using Solvent Gas in Gas Chromatography 用溶剂气相色谱法提高永久性气体分析物的分辨率

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00147e

Matthew A. Messner, Yugang Sun

Gas chromatography (GC) using porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns provides an accessible approach for the analysis of permanent gases in environmental samples and gaseous processes. However, unlike GC of volatile liquids, solvent effects cannot be readily exploited to permanent gas samples. This limitation arises from the low boiling points of permanent gases and the incompatibility of PLOT columns with conventional high-boiling-point solvents. Here, we report an unexpected solvent-like effect of a non-reactive permanent gas (as “solvent”) on the separation of permanent gas analytes. When argon—typically inferior to costly helium or less-safe hydrogen in separation efficiency—is used as the carrier gas, the co-injection of “solvent” permanent gases enhances chromatographic resolution of analytes. Specifically, the addition of helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or methane to oxygen–nitrogen mixtures significantly improves the resolution of oxygen and nitrogen in ambient air samples. Column modification experiments with carbon dioxide, together with in-column “band-passing” of helium over oxygen and nitrogen, indicate that the enhanced separation efficiency arises from the co-injection of analyte and “solvent” gases. This behavior is attributed to two possible contributing mechanisms: (i) a transient pressure drop associated with strongly adsorbing solvent gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide), and (ii) the temporary role of helium and hydrogen as auxiliary carrier gases, which increase column efficiency while consuming minimal quantities of these gases.

使用多孔层开管（PLOT）柱的气相色谱（GC）为分析环境样品和气体过程中的永久气体提供了一种可行的方法。然而，与挥发性液体的气相色谱不同，溶剂效应不能轻易地用于永久性气体样品。这种限制是由于永久气体的低沸点和PLOT柱与传统的高沸点溶剂不相容。在这里，我们报告了非反应性永久气体（作为“溶剂”）对永久气体分析物分离的意想不到的溶剂样效应。当氩气（在分离效率上通常不如昂贵的氦气或不太安全的氢气）被用作载气时，“溶剂”永久性气体的共同注入提高了分析物的色谱分辨率。具体来说，在氧氮混合物中加入氦、氢、二氧化碳、一氧化碳或甲烷可以显著提高环境空气样品中氧和氮的分辨率。用二氧化碳对色谱柱进行改性实验，再加上氦气在色谱柱内“带过”氧气和氮气，结果表明，分析物和“溶剂”气体的共注入提高了分离效率。这种行为归因于两种可能的作用机制：(i)与强吸附溶剂气体（二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化碳）相关的瞬态压降，以及（ii）作为辅助载气的氦气和氢气的临时作用，它们在消耗少量这些气体的同时提高了塔架效率。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative Analysis of Colorimetric Hydrogel/Paper Mini-Disk Arrays with a Handheld Wi-Fi Scanner 用手持式Wi-Fi扫描仪定量分析比色水凝胶/纸迷你磁盘阵列

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1039/d6an00255b

Lin Qi, Pitipat Parittothok, Sophia Sun, Jakrapop Wongwiwat, Aluck Thipayarat, Wanida Laiwattanapaisal, Hua-Zhong Hogan Yu

Traditional quantitative colorimetric assays often rely on bulky laboratory instruments, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometers or microplate readers. While smartphone-based point-of-need (PON) tools have emerged as alternatives, they are frequently limited by ambient lighting variation and perspective distortion. To address these challenges, we developed a PON quantitative platform for colorimetric assays that integrates hydrogel (agarose based) coated filter paper as reaction "mini-disks", a handheld Wi-Fi scanner as the imaging tool, and a custom-designed app (universal for both smartphones and pads) for color analysis. Using two representative colorimetric assays, pH-differential colorimetry for anthocyanin and Ellman's assay for parathion methyl, we validated the performance of this new Wi-Fi scanning platform with conventional UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis. The results demonstrate that this integrated Wi-Fi scanning protocol promises as a reliable, universal, low-cost, and convenient tool for on-site, quantitative colorimetric analysis in resource-limited settings.

传统的定量比色分析通常依赖于笨重的实验室仪器，如紫外-可见分光光度计或微孔板读取器。虽然基于智能手机的需求点（PON）工具已经成为替代方案，但它们经常受到环境光照变化和视角失真的限制。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发了一种用于比色分析的PON定量平台，该平台集成了水凝胶（琼脂糖基）涂层滤纸作为反应“迷你磁盘”，手持式Wi-Fi扫描仪作为成像工具，以及定制设计的用于颜色分析的应用程序（适用于智能手机和平板电脑）。使用两种代表性的比色法，花青素的ph差比色法和甲基对硫磷的Ellman比色法，我们用传统的紫外可见分光光度法分析验证了这种新的Wi-Fi扫描平台的性能。结果表明，这种集成的Wi-Fi扫描协议有望成为一种可靠、通用、低成本和方便的工具，用于资源有限环境下的现场定量比色分析。

引用次数: 0