Robust all-fabric e-skin with high-temperature and corrosion tolerance for self-powered tactile sensing

Electronic skins (e-skins) for monitoring human and robot activities under extreme circumstances are significant for human-machine interaction in multiple scenarios, which is challenging to realize on fabric/textile materials. Herein, a core filling-encapsulation strategy for multi-layer weaving is explored to achieve a triboelectric triple-layer sandwich woven e-skin (TSW e-skin) for durable self-powered sensing in extreme environments. To construct a robust structure with environment adaptability, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UPE) fibers or polyimide (PI) fibers are integrated into the triple-layer sandwich woven to provide mechanical/thermal/chemical stability, and carbon fibers (CF) are protectively embedded as a core layer for electricity collection, heat management and adaptive sensing. Hydrophobic encapsulation is improved by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin coating with morphology and mechanical compliances. The TSW e-skin demonstrates excellent mechanical strength (∼20 MPa) and thermal stability (154.5 ℃), durable superhydrophobicity (>150°), and corrosion resistance (pH 1–13), which demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 53 V and maintains electrically stable at above 150 ℃. The weaving structure enables the e-skin regulatable electrode patterns for sensitive motion perception and touch identification for human and robotic limbs, with real-time tactile feedback even under extreme scenarios. This robust all-fabric e-skin proposes a common strategy for human-robot perception in harsh environments.