Erbil Güngör, Benjamin Bartels, Giorgio Bolchi, Ron M A Heeren, Shane R Ellis, Henriette Schluepmann
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Cyanobacterial filaments generally disappeared upon cold acclimation and Nostoc azollae transcript profiles were unlike those of resting stages formed in cold-resistant sporocarps, yet filaments re-appeared in leaf cavities of newly formed green fronds upon cold-recovery. The high transcript accumulation upon cold acclimation of AfDFR1 encoding a flavanone 4-reductase active in vitro suggested that the enzyme of the first step in the DA-pathway may regulate accumulation of DAs in different tissues. However, LDI-MSI highlighted the necessity to describe metabolite accumulation beyond class assignments as individual DA and caffeoylquinic acid metabolites accumulated differentially. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
水生蕨类植物杜鹃花(Azolla)属与在叶腔中固定 N2 的丝状蓝藻 Nostoc azollae 形成高产共生关系。由于 3-脱氧花青素(DA)的积累,受压共生体通常会变红,这在被子植物中十分罕见,而且功能不明。为了了解低温适应和恢复过程中的 DA 积累,我们将激光解吸电离质谱成像(LDI-MSI)、新的丝兰基因组组装和注释以及双 RNA 序列整合到共生体的表型分析中。即使脱落酸抑制了寒冷诱导的 DA 积累,安扎利杜鹃花也能恢复。蓝藻菌丝在低温条件下一般会消失,Nostoc azollae 的转录本特征与耐寒孢子块中形成的静止阶段不同,但在低温恢复后,菌丝会重新出现在新形成的绿色叶片的叶腔中。编码体外活性黄酮 4-还原酶的 AfDFR1 在低温条件下的高转录本积累表明,DA 途径第一步的酶可能调节不同组织中 DAs 的积累。不过,LDI-MSI 强调了描述代谢物积累情况的必要性,因为单个 DA 和咖啡酰奎宁酸代谢物的积累情况各不相同。例如,叶黄素在上皮细胞(包括叶腔内壁细胞)中积累,支持了前者在寒冷适应过程中的共生相互作用中的作用。
Biosynthesis and differential spatial distribution of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins apigenidin and luteolinidin at the interface of a plant-cyanobacteria symbiosis exposed to cold.
Aquatic ferns of the genus Azolla (Azolla) form highly productive symbioses with filamentous cyanobacteria fixing N2 in their leaf cavities, Nostoc azollae. Stressed symbioses characteristically turn red due to 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (DA) accumulation, rare in angiosperms and of unknown function. To understand DA accumulation upon cold acclimation and recovery, we integrated laser-desorption-ionization mass-spectrometry-imaging (LDI-MSI), a new Azolla filiculoides genome-assembly and annotation, and dual RNA-sequencing into phenotypic analyses of the symbioses. Azolla sp. Anzali recovered even when cold-induced DA-accumulation was inhibited by abscisic acid. Cyanobacterial filaments generally disappeared upon cold acclimation and Nostoc azollae transcript profiles were unlike those of resting stages formed in cold-resistant sporocarps, yet filaments re-appeared in leaf cavities of newly formed green fronds upon cold-recovery. The high transcript accumulation upon cold acclimation of AfDFR1 encoding a flavanone 4-reductase active in vitro suggested that the enzyme of the first step in the DA-pathway may regulate accumulation of DAs in different tissues. However, LDI-MSI highlighted the necessity to describe metabolite accumulation beyond class assignments as individual DA and caffeoylquinic acid metabolites accumulated differentially. For example, luteolinidin accumulated in epithelial cells, including those lining the leaf cavity, supporting a role for the former in the symbiotic interaction during cold acclimation.
期刊介绍:
Plant, Cell & Environment is a premier plant science journal, offering valuable insights into plant responses to their environment. Committed to publishing high-quality theoretical and experimental research, the journal covers a broad spectrum of factors, spanning from molecular to community levels. Researchers exploring various aspects of plant biology, physiology, and ecology contribute to the journal's comprehensive understanding of plant-environment interactions.