Farmers’ perceptions of innovation characteristics and adoption: Evidence from three fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) management methods in Benin

Several methods have been developed to support farmers in the management of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which is a serious threat to maize production in Africa. These include the local soap Palmida, neem oil, and the semi-synthetic pesticide Emacot 19 EC. Based on Rogers' innovation theory, this study aimed to analyze farmers' perceptions of the characteristics of these control methods in order to identify potential obstacles to their adoption. The study used a quantitative (individual survey) and qualitative (focus groups interviews) approach to collect data from maize farmers. The results showed that the success of a management method at the farmer level will depend on its potential to minimize protection costs, its speed in eliminating larvae in an infested field, its accessibility in the farmer's immediate environment and the simplicity of its preparation and application. Considering these factors, Emacot 19 EC and Palmida soap are more likely to be adopted by farmers. This suggests that an effective extension strategy in Benin should focus on these two control products.