A New Investigation to Discriminate Sexes in Alive Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Using Cyp19a1a and Dmrt1 Gene Expression in Tail Fin Tissues

The Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a gonochoristic teleost fish with a XX/XY sex-determination system, is an ideal model for investigating gonadal sex differentiation. During gonadal differentiation, the expression of cyp19a1a in XX gonads and dmrt1 in XY gonads are required for undifferentiated tissues to develop into ovary or testis. In this study, quantitative real-time RT-PCR assessed the expression of cyp19a1a and dmrt1 genes in gonads and tail fin tissues. Differences in gene expression mean among sexually differentiated fish were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and validation of mixed model using discriminant analysis (DA) for morphometric traits and the gene expression in gonads and tail fin tissues used to validate and utilize them in discriminating sexes in sex-differentiated Nile Tilapia fish. The results revealed that, cyp19a1a gene expression in female ovaries was more significant than dmrt1 in male testis. In the other hand, the dmrt1 gene expression in the tail fin was higher in males than females. Both, cyp19a1a and dmrt1 genes, can discriminate fish sexes by 100% by using their expression in tail fin tissues. In conclusion, the cyp19a1a and dmrt1 genes could be used as a genetic marker to discriminate between the Nile Tilapia sexes, whereas used as an indicator for ovarian or testis differentiation in sexually differentiated Nile Tilapia using tail fin tissues. It is worth mentioning that this is the first investigation for using cyp19a1a and dmrt1 genes from Nile Tilapia tail fin tissues in sex determination.