Sayantan Sasmal, Lihaokun Chen, Prasad V. Sarma, Olivia T. Vulpin, Casey R. Simons, Kacie M. Wells, Richard J. Spontak, Shannon W. Boettcher
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Materials descriptors for advanced water dissociation catalysts in bipolar membranes
The voltage penalty driving water dissociation (WD) at high current density is a major obstacle in the commercialization of bipolar membrane (BPM) technology for energy devices. Here we show that three materials descriptors, that is, electrical conductivity, microscopic surface area and (nominal) surface-hydroxyl coverage, effectively control the kinetics of WD in BPMs. Using these descriptors and optimizing mass loading, we design new earth-abundant WD catalysts based on nanoparticle SnO2 synthesized at low temperature with high conductivity and hydroxyl coverage. These catalysts exhibit exceptional performance in a BPM electrolyser with low WD overvoltage (ηwd) of 100 ± 20 mV at 1.0 A cm−2. The new catalyst works equivalently well with hydrocarbon proton-exchange layers as it does with fluorocarbon-based Nafion, thus providing pathways to commercializing advanced BPMs for a broad array of electrolysis, fuel-cell and electrodialysis applications. The voltage penalty driving water dissociation at high current density is a challenge for bipolar-membrane-based energy devices. Materials descriptors such as electrical conductivity, microscopic surface area and surface-hydroxyl coverage are now shown to control water dissociation kinetics in these membranes.
期刊介绍:
Nature Materials is a monthly multi-disciplinary journal aimed at bringing together cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of materials science and engineering. It covers all applied and fundamental aspects of the synthesis/processing, structure/composition, properties, and performance of materials. The journal recognizes that materials research has an increasing impact on classical disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology.
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