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Cation–polymer interactions drive water expulsion and deswelling in n-type ladder organic mixed conductors 阳离子-聚合物相互作用驱动n型阶梯有机混合导体的排水和溶胀
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02478-2
Tom P. A. van der Pol, Dongxun Lyu, Zoé Truyens, Vincent Lemaur, Demetra Tsokkou, Arianna Magni, Chiara Musumeci, Han-Yan Wu, Junpeng Ji, David Cornil, Chi-Yuan Yang, Scott T. Keene, Gabriele D’Avino, Alberto Salleo, Natalie Banerji, Clare Grey, David Beljonne, Simone Fabiano
Controlling ion–polymer interactions in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors is crucial for optimizing device performance in applications ranging from bioelectronics and energy storage to photonics. Achieving this requires a molecular-level understanding of how ion uptake, solvation and polymer structure evolve during electrochemical doping. Here using a multimodal operando approach, we uncover an unexpected response in the prototypical n-type ladder polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) on doping with protic cations such as ammonium. At high doping levels, strong ion–polymer interactions (primarily hydrogen bonding) between cations and the BBL backbone promote charge localization and disrupt ion hydration, leading to a pronounced reduction in mass and thickness. Operando 2H NMR identifies water expulsion, rather than ion removal, as the origin of this deswelling. Our combined experimental and modelling results reveal a previously unobserved regime of ion–polymer coupling in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors, establishing a framework for material design and applications that span (bio-)electronics to photonics.
控制有机混合离子-电子导体中的离子-聚合物相互作用对于优化从生物电子学、储能到光子学等应用中的器件性能至关重要。实现这一目标需要在分子水平上理解电化学掺杂过程中离子摄取、溶剂化和聚合物结构的演变。本研究利用多模态operando方法,揭示了典型n型梯形聚合物聚(苯并咪唑苯并菲罗啉)(BBL)在掺杂质子阳离子(如铵)时的意外响应。在高掺杂水平下,阳离子和BBL主链之间的强离子-聚合物相互作用(主要是氢键)促进电荷定位,破坏离子水合作用,导致质量和厚度显著降低。Operando 2H核磁共振识别水的排出,而不是离子的去除,作为这种溶胀的起源。我们的综合实验和建模结果揭示了有机混合离子-电子导体中以前未观察到的离子-聚合物耦合机制,为跨越(生物)电子学到光子学的材料设计和应用建立了框架。
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引用次数: 0
Atomically precise synthesis and simultaneous heterostructure integration of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides through nano-confinement. 二维过渡金属二硫族化合物的纳米约束原子精密合成及异质结构集成。
IF 38.5 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02495-9
Ce Bian, Yifan Zhao, Roger Guzman, Hongtao Liu, Hao Hu, Qi Qi, Ke Zhu, Hao Wang, Kang Wu, Hui Guo, Wanzhen He, Zhaoqing Wang, Peng Peng, Zhiping Xu, Wu Zhou, Feng Ding, Haitao Yang, Hong-Jun Gao

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride, exhibit intriguing properties that are sensitive to their atomic-scale structures and can be further enriched through van der Waals (vdW) integration. However, the precise synthesis and clean integration of 2D materials remain challenging. Here, using graphene or hexagonal boron nitride as a vdW capping layer, we create a nano-confined environment that directs the growth kinetics of 2D TMDs (such as NbSe2 and MoS2), enabling precise formation of TMD monolayers with tailored morphologies, from isolated monolayer domains to large-scale continuous films and intrinsically patterned rings. Moreover, Janus S-Mo-Se monolayers are synthesized with atomic precision via vdW-protected bottom-plane chalcogen substitution. Importantly, our approach simultaneously produces ultraclean vdW interfaces. This in situ encapsulation reliably preserves air-sensitive materials, as evidenced by the enhanced superconductivity of nano-confined NbSe2 monolayers. Altogether, our study establishes a versatile platform for the controlled synthesis and integration of 2D TMDs for advanced applications.

二维(2D)材料,如石墨烯、过渡金属二硫族化合物(TMDs)和六方氮化硼,表现出对其原子尺度结构敏感的有趣性质,并且可以通过范德华(vdW)集成进一步富集。然而,二维材料的精确合成和清洁集成仍然具有挑战性。在这里,使用石墨烯或六方氮化硼作为vdW封盖层,我们创建了一个纳米限制环境,指导二维TMD(如NbSe2和MoS2)的生长动力学,从而能够精确形成具有定制形态的TMD单层,从孤立的单层域到大规模连续薄膜和内在图案环。此外,通过vdw保护的底面硫代取代,以原子精度合成了Janus S-Mo-Se单层膜。重要的是,我们的方法同时产生超干净的vdW接口。这种原位封装可靠地保存了空气敏感材料,纳米限制NbSe2单层的超导性增强证明了这一点。总之,我们的研究为二维tmd的控制合成和集成建立了一个通用的平台,用于先进的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Ultraclean monolayers from a van der Waals confinement. 范德华约束下的超净单层。
IF 38.5 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02503-y
Chang-Hsun Huang, Jui-Han Fu, Vincent Tung
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引用次数: 0
Narrowband quantum emitters with optically addressable spin states generated in hexagonal boron nitride. 六方氮化硼中产生具有光学寻址自旋态的窄带量子发射体。
IF 38.5 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02474-6
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: How charge frustration causes ion ordering and microphase separation at surfaces. 作者更正:电荷挫折如何引起离子有序和表面微相分离。
IF 38.5 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02525-6
Mingyi Zhang, Benjamin A Legg, Benjamin A Helfrecht, Yuanzhong Zhang, Shuai Tan, Ying Xia, Rae Karell Yodong, Monica Iepure, Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran, Peter J Pauzauskie, Younjin Min, Christopher J Mundy, James J De Yoreo
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引用次数: 0
The dynamic frontier of artificial intelligence 人工智能的动态前沿
IF 38.5 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02504-x
As artificial intelligence tools continue to develop, their impact is growing.
随着人工智能工具的不断发展,它们的影响越来越大。
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引用次数: 0
A 3-GPa ductile martensitic alloy enabled by interface complexes and dislocations. 一种由界面配合物和位错形成的3gpa韧性马氏体合金。
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02479-9
Rong Lv,Jia Li,Yunzhu Shi,Shuai Dai,Shuo Wang,Xinren Chen,Xiaoye Zhou,Fei Zhang,Meiyuan Jiao,Chao Ma,Alexander Schökel,Shaolou Wei,Yan Ma,Claudio Pistidda,Zhifeng Lei,Zhaoping Lu
Ultrahigh-strength bulk alloys with martensitic structures are essential for heavy-duty applications and infrastructure. However, they often contain small-angle grain boundaries (SAGBs), which enhance ductility but weaken resistance to dislocation motion. This limitation restricts tensile strength to below 2.5 GPa, even when nanoprecipitates or hierarchical architectures are introduced. Here we overcome this limitation by developing a near-single-phase martensitic alloy with a tensile strength exceeding 3 GPa. In the model (Fe49Co40Mo11)99.6B0.3C0.1 (at.%) alloy, cold rolling followed by low-temperature annealing introduces a high density of dislocations and drives Mo, C and B atoms to cosegregate at the SAGBs, forming interface complexes. These complexes stabilize the SAGBs, reinforce barriers to dislocation motion and still permit dislocation transmission across boundaries. As a result, the alloy achieves a tensile yield strength of 3.05 GPa and a fracture elongation of 5.13%, setting a benchmark for ultrahigh-strength, ductile alloys. This simple, scalable process integrates seamlessly with existing manufacturing methods and opens a path to next-generation structural materials.
具有马氏体结构的超高强度块状合金是重型应用和基础设施必不可少的材料。然而,它们通常含有小角度晶界(SAGBs),这提高了塑性,但削弱了对位错运动的抵抗。这一限制将拉伸强度限制在2.5 GPa以下,即使引入了纳米沉淀物或分层结构。在这里,我们通过开发抗拉强度超过3gpa的近单相马氏体合金克服了这一限制。在模型(Fe49Co40Mo11)99.6 b0.3 3c0.1 (at.%)合金中,冷轧后低温退火导致了高密度的位错,并驱动Mo、C和B原子在sagb处共偏析,形成界面配合物。这些配合物稳定了sagb,加强了位错运动的障碍,并且仍然允许位错跨越边界传播。结果表明,该合金的抗拉屈服强度为3.05 GPa,断裂伸长率为5.13%,为超高强度延展性合金树立了标杆。这种简单、可扩展的工艺与现有的制造方法无缝集成,为下一代结构材料开辟了道路。
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引用次数: 0
A free energy landscape analysis of resistance fluctuations in a memristive device. 记忆器件中电阻波动的自由能景观分析。
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02487-9
Sebastian Walfort,Xuan Thang Vu,Jakob Ballmaier,Nils Holle,Niklas Vollmar,Martin Salinga
Resistance noise in memristive devices is often attributed to simple thermally activated processes, such as fluctuations across single energy barriers. However, this picture may underestimate the complexity of the underlying atomic dynamics, which can be described as transitions between many local minima in a high-dimensional free energy landscape shaped by energetic and entropic contributions, yet such landscapes are difficult to access experimentally. Using a hidden Markov model, we analyse resistance fluctuations in a nanoscopic volume of the phase-change material germanium telluride. We quantify the transition rates between discrete resistance states over a wide temperature range. The rates follow an Arrhenius-like behaviour, but the extracted attempt frequencies span several orders of magnitude and include values far below typical phonon frequencies. This spread reflects substantial entropic contributions to the free energy barriers, which we quantify by tracking individual transitions across temperatures. This approach should be broadly applicable to memristive materials, where significant resistance changes are linked to atomic-scale transitions.
忆阻器件中的电阻噪声通常归因于简单的热激活过程,例如跨越单个能量势垒的波动。然而,这幅图可能低估了潜在原子动力学的复杂性,它可以被描述为高维自由能景观中由能量和熵贡献形成的许多局部极小值之间的转换,然而这种景观很难通过实验获得。利用隐马尔可夫模型,分析了相变材料碲化锗纳米体积内的电阻波动。我们量化了在宽温度范围内离散电阻状态之间的转变速率。速率遵循类似阿伦尼乌斯的行为,但提取的尝试频率跨越几个数量级,包括远低于典型声子频率的值。这种扩散反映了自由能势垒的大量熵贡献,我们通过跟踪各个温度的转变来量化。这种方法应该广泛适用于记忆材料,其中显着的电阻变化与原子尺度的跃迁有关。
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引用次数: 0
Water-soluble hexagonal BaAl2O4 as sacrificial layer for freestanding crystalline membranes and flexible devices. 水溶性六方BaAl2O4作为独立晶体膜和柔性器件的牺牲层。
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02486-w
Mengcheng Li,Chao Lu,Yuqian Wang,Haoyang Cheng,Jinling Zhou,Jiachang Bi,Lei Gao,Qinghua Zhang,Nan Liu,Pengyu Liu,Lu Wang,Caiyong Li,Jiayi Song,Xiangyu Lyu,Mingtong Zhu,Jin Liu,Faran Zhou,Ailing Ji,Jimin Zhao,Peng Jiang,Na Li,Liang Si,Yanwei Cao,Peigang Li,Lin Gu,Pu Yu,Guangyu Zhang,Zexian Cao,Nianpeng Lu
Freestanding functional membranes open a promising avenue to the fabrication of flexible electronic devices. To date, research has mainly focused on perovskite-like oxides with pseudocubic structures. Investigation of freestanding hexagonal oxide materials is severely restricted due to the lack of a proper sacrificial layer. Here we present our discovery of water-soluble crystalline hexagonal BaAl2O4, which can serve as an excellent sacrificial layer for obtaining membranes with six-fold or three-fold symmetry. Remarkably, BaAl2O4 can rapidly dissolve in water (<1 min), but is stable in air, O2 and NH3, even at very high temperatures, thus allowing in situ or ex situ growth of high-quality materials for integrated devices. To demonstrate the generic nature of this sacrificial layer, we tested a large collection of oxide and nitride films, including YMnO3 (0001), LiCoO2 (0001), α-Fe2O3 (0001), In2O3 (111), NiO (111), β-Ga2O3 ( 2 ¯ 01 ) and TiN (111). Furthermore, integrated devices based on such crystalline membranes demonstrate a substantially improved performance.
独立式功能膜为柔性电子器件的制造开辟了一条充满希望的道路。迄今为止,研究主要集中在具有伪晶结构的类钙钛矿氧化物上。由于缺乏合适的牺牲层,严重限制了独立六方氧化物材料的研究。在这里,我们发现了一种水溶性的六方晶体BaAl2O4,它可以作为一种优良的牺牲层,用于获得六重或三重对称的膜。值得注意的是,BaAl2O4可以在水中快速溶解(<1 min),但在空气、O2和NH3中稳定,即使在非常高的温度下也是如此,因此可以原位或非原位生长用于集成器件的高质量材料。为了证明这种牺牲层的普遍性,我们测试了大量的氧化物和氮化物薄膜,包括YMnO3(0001)、LiCoO2(0001)、α-Fe2O3(0001)、In2O3(111)、NiO(111)、β-Ga2O3(2¯01)和TiN(111)。此外,基于这种晶体膜的集成器件表现出显著改善的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Collective photon emission and ferroelectric exciton ordering near Mott insulating state in WSe2/WS2 heterobilayers. WSe2/WS2异质层中Mott绝缘态附近的集体光子发射和铁电激子有序。
IF 41.2 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02476-4
Luka Matej Devenica,Zach Hadjri,Jan Kumlin,Daniel Suárez-Forero,Runtong Li,Klevis Domi,Bosai Lyu,Weijie Li,Ludivine Fausten,Valeria Vento,Nicolas Ubrig,Song Liu,James Hone,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Thomas Pohl,Ajit Srivastava
Spontaneous symmetry breaking, driven by competing interactions and quantum fluctuations, is fundamental to understanding ordered electronic phases. Although electrically neutral, optical excitations like excitons can interact through their dipole moment, raising the possibility of optically active ordered phases. The effects of spontaneous ordering on optical properties remains underexplored. The excitonic Mott insulating state recently observed in semiconducting moiré crystals may help clarify this question. Here we present evidence for an in-plane ferroelectric phase of dipolar moiré excitons driven by strong exciton-exciton interactions. We reveal a speed-up of photon emission at late times and low densities in excitonic decay. This counterintuitive behaviour is attributed to collective radiance, linked to the transition between disordered and symmetry-broken ferroelectric phases of moiré excitons. Our findings provide evidence for strong dipolar intersite interactions in moiré lattices, demonstrate collective photon emission as a probe for moiré quantum materials and a path for exploring cooperative optical phenomena in strongly correlated systems.
由相互竞争的相互作用和量子涨落驱动的自发对称性破缺是理解有序电子相的基础。虽然电中性,但像激子这样的光学激发可以通过它们的偶极矩相互作用,从而提高了光学活性有序相的可能性。自发有序对光学性质的影响仍未得到充分的研究。最近在半导体莫尔维尔晶体中观察到的激子莫特绝缘状态可能有助于澄清这个问题。在这里,我们提出了由强激子-激子相互作用驱动的偶极莫尔激子平面内铁电相的证据。我们揭示了光子发射在晚时间和低密度的激子衰变中的加速。这种违反直觉的行为归因于集体辐射,与无序和对称破碎的莫尔激子铁电相之间的转变有关。我们的研究结果为莫尔晶格中强偶极位间相互作用提供了证据,证明了集体光子发射是莫尔晶格量子材料的探针,并为探索强相关系统中的合作光学现象提供了途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Nature Materials
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