{"title":"基因组研究结果及其对进化社会科学的影响","authors":"Brendan P. Zietsch","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106596","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What past selection pressures have shaped human traits and their variation and covariation across individuals? These are key questions in the evolutionary social sciences. Recent advances in the field of human genomics have yielded a wealth of evidence that sheds light on these questions, yet the findings and their implications seem to be little known in the evolutionary social sciences. In this paper I aim to bring together these findings while explaining the conceptual and technical background that is often assumed knowledge for reading the primary reports. First, I outline the genomics methodologies that have enabled the relevant findings, such as genomewide association studies and DNA-based heritability estimation. I describe how these methodologies reveal the genetic architecture of traits, and then how this information in turn enables inferences about past selection. The findings show pervasive evidence that the genetic architecture of complex traits has been shaped by negative (purifying) selection, implying that the extant genetic variation in the traits has been maintained by mutation-selection-drift balance. On the other hand, there is no evidence that balancing selection has substantively shaped complex traits, and strong evidence that it has not. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for issues such as the dimensional structure of personality variation and the plausibility of psychological life history theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000722/pdfft?md5=645cc54ab3f014e3bc9ba1f3bac18fee&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000722-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Genomic findings and their implications for the evolutionary social sciences\",\"authors\":\"Brendan P. Zietsch\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106596\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>What past selection pressures have shaped human traits and their variation and covariation across individuals? 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The findings show pervasive evidence that the genetic architecture of complex traits has been shaped by negative (purifying) selection, implying that the extant genetic variation in the traits has been maintained by mutation-selection-drift balance. On the other hand, there is no evidence that balancing selection has substantively shaped complex traits, and strong evidence that it has not. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
过去的选择压力塑造了人类的哪些特征及其在个体间的变异和共变?这些都是进化社会科学的关键问题。人类基因组学领域的最新进展提供了大量证据来揭示这些问题,但这些发现及其影响在进化社会科学领域似乎鲜为人知。在本文中,我旨在汇集这些研究成果,同时解释在阅读主要报告时通常被假定为知识的概念和技术背景。首先,我概述了促成相关发现的基因组学方法,如全基因组关联研究和基于 DNA 的遗传率估计。我将介绍这些方法如何揭示性状的遗传结构,以及这些信息如何反过来推断过去的选择。研究结果表明,有大量证据表明,复杂性状的遗传结构是由负向(净化)选择形成的,这意味着性状中现存的遗传变异是由突变-选择-漂移平衡维持的。另一方面,没有证据表明平衡选择实质上塑造了复杂性状,也有强有力的证据表明平衡选择没有塑造复杂性状。最后,我将讨论这些发现对人格变异的维度结构和心理生活史理论的合理性等问题的影响。
Genomic findings and their implications for the evolutionary social sciences
What past selection pressures have shaped human traits and their variation and covariation across individuals? These are key questions in the evolutionary social sciences. Recent advances in the field of human genomics have yielded a wealth of evidence that sheds light on these questions, yet the findings and their implications seem to be little known in the evolutionary social sciences. In this paper I aim to bring together these findings while explaining the conceptual and technical background that is often assumed knowledge for reading the primary reports. First, I outline the genomics methodologies that have enabled the relevant findings, such as genomewide association studies and DNA-based heritability estimation. I describe how these methodologies reveal the genetic architecture of traits, and then how this information in turn enables inferences about past selection. The findings show pervasive evidence that the genetic architecture of complex traits has been shaped by negative (purifying) selection, implying that the extant genetic variation in the traits has been maintained by mutation-selection-drift balance. On the other hand, there is no evidence that balancing selection has substantively shaped complex traits, and strong evidence that it has not. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for issues such as the dimensional structure of personality variation and the plausibility of psychological life history theory.
期刊介绍:
Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.