S-LDM:基于 5G 的集中式增强集体感知的服务器本地动态地图

IF 5.8 2区 计算机科学 Q1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Vehicular Communications Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1016/j.vehcom.2024.100819
C.M. Risma Carletti , F. Raviglione , C. Casetti , F. Stoffella , G.M. Yilma , F. Visintainer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

汽车领域正在经历重大的技术进步,其中包括通过车载网络(通常称为 "车对万物"(V2X)通信)使下一代自动驾驶汽车更智能、更环保、更安全。除 V2X 外,自动驾驶汽车的集中操纵管理服务也越来越重要,因为凭借对道路的全面了解,自动驾驶汽车可以优化管理最复杂的 L4 驾驶甚至更复杂的操纵。这些服务面临着严格要求高可靠性和低延迟的挑战,通过部署协调的多接入边缘计算(MEC)平台来解决这一问题。为了正确管理对安全至关重要的操作,这些服务需要接收来自车辆的大量数据,尽管有用的数据子集通常与道路上的特定环境(如特定道路用户或地理区域)有关。对大量的原始信息进行解码和后处理,然后对大部分信息进行过滤,这增加了安全关键服务的负担,而这些服务应将重点放在满足实际控制和管理操作的最后期限要求上。在此基础上,我们提出了一种创新的开源 5G & MEC 服务,称为服务器本地动态地图(S-LDM)。S-LDM 是一种使用符合标准的信息收集车辆和其他非连接道路对象信息的服务。其主要目的是创建一个集中的道路动态地图,以便在需要时与管理 L4 自动化的其他服务有效共享。这样一来,S-LDM 就能让这些服务广泛而准确地了解路段的当前情况,使其无需快速处理大量信息。在对服务架构进行详细描述后,我们通过广泛的实验室和试点试验对其进行了验证,试验涉及欧洲三大网络运营公司的 MEC 平台和 5G 生产网络,以及两辆配备 V2X 车载单元 (OBU) 的 Stellantis 车辆。我们展示了它如何高效地处理高更新率,并在不到十分之几微秒的时间内处理每条信息。我们还提供了完整的可扩展性分析和详细的部署选项,为在基于 5G 的 V2X 实际应用场景中创建新实例提供了见解。
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S-LDM: Server local dynamic map for 5G-based centralized enhanced collective perception

The automotive field is undergoing significant technological advances, which includes making the next generation of autonomous vehicles smarter, greener and safer through vehicular networks, which are often referred to as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. Together with V2X, centralized maneuver management services for autonomous vehicles are increasingly gaining importance, as, thanks to their complete view over the road, they can optimally manage even the most complex maneuvers targeting L4 driving and beyond. These services face the challenge of strictly requiring a high reliability and low latency, which are tackled with the deployment at orchestrated Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) platforms. In order to properly manage safety-critical maneuvers, these services need to receive a large amount of data from vehicles, even though the useful subset of data is often related to a specific context on the road (e.g., to specific road users or geographical areas). Decoding and post-processing a large amount of raw messages, which are then for the most part filtered, increases the load on safety-critical services, which should instead focus on meeting the deadlines for the actual control and management operations. On this basis, we present an innovative open-source, 5G & MEC enabled service, called Server Local Dynamic Map (S-LDM). The S-LDM is a service that collects information about vehicles and other non-connected road objects using standard-compliant messages. Its primary purpose is to create a centralized dynamic map of the road that can be shared efficiently with other services managing L4 automation, when needed. By doing so, the S-LDM enables these services to widely and precisely understand the current situation of sections of the road, offloading them from the need of quickly processing a large number of messages. After a detailed description of the service architecture, we validate it through extensive laboratory and pilot trials, involving the MEC platforms and production 5G networks of three major European network operations and two Stellantis vehicles equipped with V2X On-Board Units (OBUs). We show how it can efficiently handle high update rates and process each messages in less than few tenths of microseconds. We also provide a complete scalability analysis with details on deployment options, providing insights on where new instances should be created in practical 5G-based V2X scenarios.

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来源期刊
Vehicular Communications
Vehicular Communications Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
10.40%
发文量
88
审稿时长
62 days
期刊介绍: Vehicular communications is a growing area of communications between vehicles and including roadside communication infrastructure. Advances in wireless communications are making possible sharing of information through real time communications between vehicles and infrastructure. This has led to applications to increase safety of vehicles and communication between passengers and the Internet. Standardization efforts on vehicular communication are also underway to make vehicular transportation safer, greener and easier. The aim of the journal is to publish high quality peer–reviewed papers in the area of vehicular communications. The scope encompasses all types of communications involving vehicles, including vehicle–to–vehicle and vehicle–to–infrastructure. The scope includes (but not limited to) the following topics related to vehicular communications: Vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications Channel modelling, modulating and coding Congestion Control and scalability issues Protocol design, testing and verification Routing in vehicular networks Security issues and countermeasures Deployment and field testing Reducing energy consumption and enhancing safety of vehicles Wireless in–car networks Data collection and dissemination methods Mobility and handover issues Safety and driver assistance applications UAV Underwater communications Autonomous cooperative driving Social networks Internet of vehicles Standardization of protocols.
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