A one-dimensional convolutional neural network-based deep learning approach for predicting cardiovascular diseases

Early detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases and improving patient outcomes. Deep neural networks have the potential to reduce the reliance on costly and time-consuming clinical tests, leading to cost savings for patients and healthcare systems. This study proposes the development of specialized convolutional neural networks for the automated selection of essential variables, employing various preprocessing procedures. It evaluates the approach using the UCI repository heart disease dataset, focusing on early-stage heart disease identification to enhance early prediction and intervention for CVD. To address the challenge of achieving higher accuracy, we introduce an approach using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, incorporating extensive testing to optimize the network architecture and enhance predictive performance. Additionally, recognizing the impact of features on accuracy, a comprehensive data analysis was performed. Through a meticulous selection process, we identified and utilized key features that significantly influenced the accuracy of our model, contributing to more reliable predictions. Finally, cross-validation techniques were implemented to precisely evaluate the efficacy of our work. Numerous experiments were conducted to demonstrate the relevance of our research. The prediction accuracy was found to be 99.95% when employing a train–test approach, while it was approximately 98.53% when employing K-Fold cross-validation. In comparison to existing literature, our approach outperforms a recent best study that proposed a Catboost model, achieving an F1-score of about 92.3% and an average accuracy of 90.94%. This signifies a substantial improvement in predictive performance, with a percentage improvement of approximately 9.90% compared to the Catboost model.