{"title":"基于透明液滴的 TENG 传感器中银纳米线网络的后处理优化","authors":"Onuralp Cakir , Doga Doganay , Murathan Cugunlular , Melih Ogeday Cicek , Onur Demircioglu , Sahin Coskun , Husnu Emrah Unalan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109940","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) serve as essential components in various devices, including smart windows, thin film heaters, and sensors. Historically, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have served as the primary TCE material. However, the scarcity of indium in the Earth’s crust and costly vacuum-based deposition processes have prompted researchers to seek alternatives. While silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks have emerged as the leading candidate for TCEs among various alternatives, the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) layer surrounding Ag NWs often leads to substantial contact resistances at the junction areas. Given the diverse characteristics of Ag NWs, including length, diameter, PVP thickness, and deposition methods, the efficacy of a specific post-treatment method on the same Ag NW batch remained unknown. This work collected effective post-treatment methods from existing literature and innovatively developed in-house approaches to optimize the treatment of Ag NW networks. Following post-treatment, the resulting electrodes exhibited a 70 % reduction in sheet resistance, with only a marginal 1 % decrease in optical transmittance. The optical figure of merit (FoM) for the optimized networks showed a remarkable five-fold improvement, rising from 66 to 305. The optimized Ag NW networks were then utilized as current collectors in water droplet-based TENG sensors, showcasing the device's effectiveness in pH and chemical concentration sensing. The fabricated TENG recorded peak Voc and Isc values of 22 V and 370 nA, respectively. Furthermore, we developed a sensor-integrated device capable of gauging the incident droplets’ pH level, signaling acid rain safety. In addition, the droplets activate a large-area Ag NW-based transparent thin film heater. Rapid defogging and defrosting capabilities of the heater was also demonstrated. The device holds the potential to be applied to the side-view mirrors of cars, providing an anti-fogging display for a significantly safer journey.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Post-treatment optimization for silver nanowire networks in transparent droplet-based TENG sensors\",\"authors\":\"Onuralp Cakir , Doga Doganay , Murathan Cugunlular , Melih Ogeday Cicek , Onur Demircioglu , Sahin Coskun , Husnu Emrah Unalan\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109940\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) serve as essential components in various devices, including smart windows, thin film heaters, and sensors. Historically, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have served as the primary TCE material. However, the scarcity of indium in the Earth’s crust and costly vacuum-based deposition processes have prompted researchers to seek alternatives. While silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks have emerged as the leading candidate for TCEs among various alternatives, the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) layer surrounding Ag NWs often leads to substantial contact resistances at the junction areas. Given the diverse characteristics of Ag NWs, including length, diameter, PVP thickness, and deposition methods, the efficacy of a specific post-treatment method on the same Ag NW batch remained unknown. This work collected effective post-treatment methods from existing literature and innovatively developed in-house approaches to optimize the treatment of Ag NW networks. Following post-treatment, the resulting electrodes exhibited a 70 % reduction in sheet resistance, with only a marginal 1 % decrease in optical transmittance. The optical figure of merit (FoM) for the optimized networks showed a remarkable five-fold improvement, rising from 66 to 305. The optimized Ag NW networks were then utilized as current collectors in water droplet-based TENG sensors, showcasing the device's effectiveness in pH and chemical concentration sensing. The fabricated TENG recorded peak Voc and Isc values of 22 V and 370 nA, respectively. Furthermore, we developed a sensor-integrated device capable of gauging the incident droplets’ pH level, signaling acid rain safety. In addition, the droplets activate a large-area Ag NW-based transparent thin film heater. Rapid defogging and defrosting capabilities of the heater was also demonstrated. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
透明导电电极(TCE)是智能窗户、薄膜加热器和传感器等各种设备的重要组成部分。一直以来,铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜是主要的 TCE 材料。然而,地壳中铟的稀缺性和昂贵的真空沉积工艺促使研究人员寻找替代品。在各种替代品中,银纳米线(Ag NW)网络已成为 TCE 的主要候选材料,但银纳米线周围聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)层的存在往往会导致交界处产生巨大的接触电阻。考虑到 Ag NWs 的不同特性,包括长度、直径、PVP 厚度和沉积方法,特定的后处理方法对同一批 Ag NWs 的功效仍是未知数。这项工作从现有文献中收集了有效的后处理方法,并创新性地开发了内部方法来优化 Ag NW 网络的处理。经过后处理后,所得电极的片电阻降低了 70%,而光学透射率仅略微降低了 1%。优化网络的光学优越性(FoM)显著提高了五倍,从 66 提高到 305。优化后的银纳米线网络被用作基于水滴的 TENG 传感器的集流器,展示了该器件在 pH 值和化学浓度传感方面的有效性。所制造的 TENG 记录的峰值 Voc 和 Isc 值分别为 22 V 和 370 nA。此外,我们还开发了一种集成传感器的装置,能够测量入射液滴的 pH 值,从而发出酸雨安全信号。此外,液滴还能激活基于 Ag NW 的大面积透明薄膜加热器。加热器的快速除雾和除霜功能也得到了验证。该装置有望应用于汽车的侧视镜,提供防雾显示,大大提高行车安全。
Post-treatment optimization for silver nanowire networks in transparent droplet-based TENG sensors
Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) serve as essential components in various devices, including smart windows, thin film heaters, and sensors. Historically, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have served as the primary TCE material. However, the scarcity of indium in the Earth’s crust and costly vacuum-based deposition processes have prompted researchers to seek alternatives. While silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks have emerged as the leading candidate for TCEs among various alternatives, the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) layer surrounding Ag NWs often leads to substantial contact resistances at the junction areas. Given the diverse characteristics of Ag NWs, including length, diameter, PVP thickness, and deposition methods, the efficacy of a specific post-treatment method on the same Ag NW batch remained unknown. This work collected effective post-treatment methods from existing literature and innovatively developed in-house approaches to optimize the treatment of Ag NW networks. Following post-treatment, the resulting electrodes exhibited a 70 % reduction in sheet resistance, with only a marginal 1 % decrease in optical transmittance. The optical figure of merit (FoM) for the optimized networks showed a remarkable five-fold improvement, rising from 66 to 305. The optimized Ag NW networks were then utilized as current collectors in water droplet-based TENG sensors, showcasing the device's effectiveness in pH and chemical concentration sensing. The fabricated TENG recorded peak Voc and Isc values of 22 V and 370 nA, respectively. Furthermore, we developed a sensor-integrated device capable of gauging the incident droplets’ pH level, signaling acid rain safety. In addition, the droplets activate a large-area Ag NW-based transparent thin film heater. Rapid defogging and defrosting capabilities of the heater was also demonstrated. The device holds the potential to be applied to the side-view mirrors of cars, providing an anti-fogging display for a significantly safer journey.
期刊介绍:
Nano Energy is a multidisciplinary, rapid-publication forum of original peer-reviewed contributions on the science and engineering of nanomaterials and nanodevices used in all forms of energy harvesting, conversion, storage, utilization and policy. Through its mixture of articles, reviews, communications, research news, and information on key developments, Nano Energy provides a comprehensive coverage of this exciting and dynamic field which joins nanoscience and nanotechnology with energy science. The journal is relevant to all those who are interested in nanomaterials solutions to the energy problem.
Nano Energy publishes original experimental and theoretical research on all aspects of energy-related research which utilizes nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Manuscripts of four types are considered: review articles which inform readers of the latest research and advances in energy science; rapid communications which feature exciting research breakthroughs in the field; full-length articles which report comprehensive research developments; and news and opinions which comment on topical issues or express views on the developments in related fields.