Application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique for biomacromolecular detection

Biomacromolecules, which mainly include nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, and lipids, are extensively present in the somatic cells of organisms. These four types of biomacromolecules not only play a crucial role in various normal physiological processes of organisms but also draw increasing attention in the field of in vitro research, such as nucleic acid aptamers and nucleotide drugs. Consequently, the accurate detection of biomacromolecules holds immense importance and significance. Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) possesses a natural advantage in the detection of biomacromolecules due to its “fingerprint” characteristics, non-destructive nature, high sensitivity, simplicity, and speed, and it is not influenced by water signals. This paper primarily discusses the research progress of SERS in the detection of biomacromolecules, elaborates on the application of SERS in detecting nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, and lipids, and anticipates the potential application of SERS in biomacromolecule detection. It is anticipated that this paper will provide researchers with innovative ideas and methods for developing and applying new biomacromolecular detection techniques.