Pablo Urbaneja-Bernat, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, M. Luz Valero, Joel González-Cabrera, Alejandro Tena
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引用次数: 0
摘要
食草动物的取食往往会增加植物次生代谢物的产生。这些由食草动物诱导的植物蛋白最终可能会进入以韧皮部为食的昆虫排泄的蜜露中。这一点很重要，因为在许多农业生态系统中，蜜露是天敌最丰富、最容易获得的碳水化合物来源之一，因此这些蛋白质可以介导许多三营养体之间的相互作用。在这里，我们假设，食草昆虫在韧皮部诱导的防御性代谢物会在韧皮部食草昆虫排出的蜜露中积累，从而影响以蜜露为食的食草昆虫天敌的适应性。我们使用了一个三营养系统，包括柑橘植物、蚧壳虫 Planococcus citri 及其主要寄生虫 Anagyrus vladimiri。首先，我们评估了以柑橘蚧蜜露为食的柑橘蚧的适应性。然后，我们收集了包括 P. citri 在内的七种以韧皮部为食的昆虫的蜜露，并分析了它们的蛋白质含量。最后，我们分析了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）对 A. vladimiri 体能的影响，超氧化物歧化酶是一种与植物防御有关的抗氧化酶，通常存在于所分析的蜜露中。与以蔗糖为基础的食物相比，以蜜露为食物的 A. vladimiri 的适应能力有所提高，这表明蜜露中含有有利于天敌的化合物。蛋白质组分析表明，所分析的七种以韧皮部为食的昆虫的蜜露中含有与防御有关的植物蛋白。其中，所有昆虫的蜜露中都含有 SOD 酶。此外，受柠檬蓟马侵扰的植物韧皮部中的 SOD 含量是未受侵扰植物的 10 倍。柑橘蚜蜜露中也会主动排出 SOD，而且我们证明它能提高寄生虫 A. vladimiri 的繁殖力。我们的结论是，在韧皮部食草昆虫排泄的蜜露中积累了由韧皮部食草诱导并参与植物防御的酶蛋白，而且与目前的模式相反，其中至少有一些酶蛋白会对第三营养级产生积极影响。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
期刊介绍：
Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.
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