Skin thickness effects on failure mechanisms in foam infilled composite sandwich structures

Sandwich structures are often prone to catastrophic failure due to premature separation between the core and skin layers. Geometric parameters, such as the thickness of the skin and core, along with the materials used in their manufacturing, directly influence the resistance to separation between the skin and core. This study explores how variations in skin thickness affect both failure modes and maximum load capacity in sandwich structures, utilizing both experimental testing and numerical simulations. Specimens were categorized as intact and pre-debonded samples. Each specimen featured four different skin thicknesses (3, 6, 8, and 10 layers of composite laminated skins, with corresponding thicknesses of 0.68, 1.33, 1.73, and 2.1 mm respectively). The specimens incorporated a foam-filled square corrugated core and underwent 3-point bending tests. Results revealed a significant shift in the failure mode: initially observed as upper skin fracture (V-shaped failure), it transitioned to separation between skins and cores with increased skin thickness, particularly in the presence of pre-debonding. Notably, the predominant failure mode did not involve separation between the skin and core in specimens without a pre-existing crack. Furthermore, numerical simulations effectively demonstrated the accurate capture of failure modes and loads using the Hashin and cohesive zone model (CZM).