Research on heat dissipation optimization and energy conservation of supercapacitor energy storage tram

Uneven heat dissipation will affect the reliability and performance attenuation of tram supercapacitor, and reducing the energy consumption of heat dissipation is also a problem that must be solved in supercapacitor engineering applications. This paper takes the vehicle supercapacitor energy storage power supply as the research object, and uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to calculate its internal temperature distribution to solve the problem that the internal heat dissipation of the power supply in the initial design scheme is not uniform, and the maximum temperature of cell capacitors is as high as 67 °C. Filling of heat-conducting silicone film between single cell capacitors inside the module can conduct heat from single cell capacitor in the center of the module to the edge of the module quickly; adding baffles in the cabinet can optimize the air duct, and the temperature between the modules can be uniform; as a result of the combined effect of the two optimization measures, the maximum temperature of the cell capacitors drops to 55.5 °C, which is lower than the allowable operating temperature limit of the capacitor cell 56 °C. For the first time, the scheme of using air-conditioning waste exhaust air to cool supercapacitor energy storage power supply is proposed. Compared with the traditional cooling scheme using special air conditioning units, each energy storage system can save 967.16 kW·h per year using air-conditioning waste exhaust cooling, effectively reducing the overall energy consumption of the vehicle.