Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

Development of sustainable tail grout through the utilization of shield muck and waste-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag 利用盾构渣土和废活化磨粒高炉矿渣开发可持续尾浆

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00263-0

Yujun Du, Wei Liu, Peixin Shi, Wentao Li

A huge amount of shield muck is generated during shield tunneling, and the reutilization of shield muck to produce tail grout has attracted growing attention, aiming to mitigate the environmental issues related to the transport and disposal of shield muck. However, conventional binders, such as cement, used in this technique are associated with high carbon emission. Therefore, this study investigates the use of low-carbon binder, i.e., carbide sludge (CS)-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), in shield muck treatment, aiming to achieve sustainable reutilization. Various commercial additives and phosphogypsum (PG), an industry waste, were added to further enhance the properties of treated shield muck. Results show that incorporating sulfate-containing additives to GGBS-CS-stabilized shield muck significantly reduced the setting time from 26.75 to 8.00–12.00 h, with Na₂SO₄ and PG showing a relatively higher reducing rate. In addition, adding Na₂SO₄ and PG to GGBS-CS-stabilized shield muck could enhance the 3-day strength by 67.0% and 37.0%, respectively, while their effects on improving the 28-day strength were marginal, yielding increases of just 16.0% and 0.4%. Results also indicated that additives led to a higher stone shrinkage rate of grout. Nonetheless, all additives posed negligible effects on the consistency and flowability. Microstructure analysis indicated that additives promoted the generation of ettringite (AFt) and aluminate ferrite monosulfate (AFm) phases. These phases consume free water and refine pores, leading to the higher stone shrinkage rate. Isothermal titration calorimetry highlighted that the additives affect the heat rate in the time interval of 4–50 h after mixing, and this should be the reason for the significant influence of additives on setting time and 3-day strength as well as limited impact on consistency and flowability. The findings confirmed the feasibility of using stabilized shield muck to produce tail grout, and PG is efficient in further enhancing its properties.

Graphical Abstract

盾构隧道开挖过程中产生了大量盾构泥，利用盾构泥生产尾浆的研究日益受到人们的关注，旨在缓解盾构泥运输和处置带来的环境问题。然而，在这种技术中使用的传统粘合剂，如水泥，与高碳排放有关。因此，本研究将碳化物污泥(CS)-活化矿渣（GGBS）作为低碳粘结剂应用于盾构渣土处理，实现可持续回用。为了进一步提高处理后的盾构泥的性能，加入了各种商业添加剂和工业废物磷石膏。结果表明：在ggbs - cs稳定的盾状土中加入含硫酸盐的添加剂，可显著缩短凝结时间，凝结时间由26.75 h缩短至8.00 ~ 12.00 h，其中Na2SO4和PG的还原速率相对较高；此外，在ggbs - cs稳定的盾构土中添加Na2SO4和PG可以分别提高3天强度67.0%和37.0%，而对28天强度的提高作用微不足道，产量仅增加16.0%和0.4%。结果还表明，添加物对灌浆石的收缩率有较大影响。尽管如此，所有添加剂对稠度和流动性的影响都可以忽略不计。显微组织分析表明，添加剂促进了钙矾石（AFt）相和单硫酸铝酸铁氧体（AFm）相的生成。这些相消耗游离水，细化孔隙，导致较高的石材收缩率。等温滴定量热法强调，添加剂在混合后4 ~ 50h的时间间隔内影响热速率，这应该是添加剂对凝固时间和3天强度影响显著，而对稠度和流动性影响有限的原因。研究结果证实了利用稳定盾构渣土生产尾浆的可行性，PG可有效地进一步提高其性能。图形抽象

{"title":"Development of sustainable tail grout through the utilization of shield muck and waste-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag","authors":"Yujun Du, Wei Liu, Peixin Shi, Wentao Li","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00263-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00263-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A huge amount of shield muck is generated during shield tunneling, and the reutilization of shield muck to produce tail grout has attracted growing attention, aiming to mitigate the environmental issues related to the transport and disposal of shield muck. However, conventional binders, such as cement, used in this technique are associated with high carbon emission. Therefore, this study investigates the use of low-carbon binder, i.e., carbide sludge (CS)-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), in shield muck treatment, aiming to achieve sustainable reutilization. Various commercial additives and phosphogypsum (PG), an industry waste, were added to further enhance the properties of treated shield muck. Results show that incorporating sulfate-containing additives to GGBS-CS-stabilized shield muck significantly reduced the setting time from 26.75 to 8.00–12.00 h, with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and PG showing a relatively higher reducing rate. In addition, adding Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and PG to GGBS-CS-stabilized shield muck could enhance the 3-day strength by 67.0% and 37.0%, respectively, while their effects on improving the 28-day strength were marginal, yielding increases of just 16.0% and 0.4%. Results also indicated that additives led to a higher stone shrinkage rate of grout. Nonetheless, all additives posed negligible effects on the consistency and flowability. Microstructure analysis indicated that additives promoted the generation of ettringite (AFt) and aluminate ferrite monosulfate (AFm) phases. These phases consume free water and refine pores, leading to the higher stone shrinkage rate. Isothermal titration calorimetry highlighted that the additives affect the heat rate in the time interval of 4–50 h after mixing, and this should be the reason for the significant influence of additives on setting time and 3-day strength as well as limited impact on consistency and flowability. The findings confirmed the feasibility of using stabilized shield muck to produce tail grout, and PG is efficient in further enhancing its properties.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"625 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of blast furnace slag on heavy metal speciation in municipal sludge pyrolysis: experimental and theoretical study 高炉炉渣对城市污泥热解过程中重金属形态影响的实验与理论研究

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00261-2

Shijie Zhang, Zhixin Geng, Yangwei Qu, Yangfan Fang, Yunfeng Xu

The presence of unstable heavy metals in sludge restricts its potential for resource utilization, making it crucial to minimize the secondary risk associated with heavy metals during sludge pyrolysis. This study explored the influence of the addition of blast furnace slag (slag), pyrolysis temperature, and residence time on the morphological distributions of Zn, Pb, and Cr in biochar co-pyrolyzed with slag. The slag dosage was consistent at 7.5% for all samples to immobilize different heavy metals. High-temperature pyrolysis (600–700 °C) promoted the immobilization of Cr and Pb, while lower pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C) favored the stabilization of Zn. The appropriate residence time was determined to be 15 min for Zn and Cr, and 60 min for Pb, across all samples. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) characterization revealed that all the samples exhibited a mesoporous structure dominated by a type IV isothermal profile. Additionally, the biochar demonstrated the largest specific surface area (69.48 m²/g) after pyrolysis at 500 °C. XRD (X-ray diffractometer) characterization indicated that the addition of slag facilitated the formation of crystals composed of Ca–Si-based substances bound to heavy metals. FTIR spectroscopy tests revealed that the addition of slag resulted in a reduction in the intensity of the O–H telescoping vibration peaks, which in turn promoted the formation of aromatic and epoxide structures and enhanced heavy metal stabilization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that slag can form covalent bonds with Zn, reducing the volatilization risk of Zn species during pyrolysis. The experimental and simulation findings presented in this paper provide new insights into the management of heavy metals in the sludge pyrolysis process.

Graphical abstract

污泥中不稳定重金属的存在限制了其资源化利用的潜力，因此在污泥热解过程中尽量减少与重金属相关的二次风险至关重要。本研究探讨了添加高炉渣（渣）、热解温度、停留时间对与渣共热解的生物炭中Zn、Pb、Cr形态分布的影响。矿渣掺量一致，均为7.5%，以固定不同重金属。高温热解（600 ~ 700℃）有利于Cr和Pb的固定化，较低热解温度（400℃）有利于Zn的稳定化。在所有样品中，确定适当的停留时间为Zn和Cr为15 min， Pb为60 min。布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）表征表明，所有样品都表现出以IV型等温剖面为主的介孔结构。此外，在500℃热解后，生物炭的比表面积最大（69.48 m2/g）。XRD （x射线衍射仪）表征表明，炉渣的加入促进了钙硅基物质与重金属结合形成晶体。FTIR光谱测试表明，渣的加入降低了O-H伸缩振动峰的强度，从而促进了芳烃和环氧化物结构的形成，增强了重金属的稳定性。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，炉渣与Zn形成共价键，降低了Zn在热解过程中的挥发风险。本文的实验和模拟结果为污泥热解过程中重金属的管理提供了新的见解。图形抽象

{"title":"Effect of blast furnace slag on heavy metal speciation in municipal sludge pyrolysis: experimental and theoretical study","authors":"Shijie Zhang, Zhixin Geng, Yangwei Qu, Yangfan Fang, Yunfeng Xu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00261-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00261-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of unstable heavy metals in sludge restricts its potential for resource utilization, making it crucial to minimize the secondary risk associated with heavy metals during sludge pyrolysis. This study explored the influence of the addition of blast furnace slag (slag), pyrolysis temperature, and residence time on the morphological distributions of Zn, Pb, and Cr in biochar co-pyrolyzed with slag. The slag dosage was consistent at 7.5% for all samples to immobilize different heavy metals. High-temperature pyrolysis (600–700 °C) promoted the immobilization of Cr and Pb, while lower pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C) favored the stabilization of Zn. The appropriate residence time was determined to be 15 min for Zn and Cr, and 60 min for Pb, across all samples. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) characterization revealed that all the samples exhibited a mesoporous structure dominated by a type IV isothermal profile. Additionally, the biochar demonstrated the largest specific surface area (69.48 m<sup>2</sup>/g) after pyrolysis at 500 °C. XRD (X-ray diffractometer) characterization indicated that the addition of slag facilitated the formation of crystals composed of Ca–Si-based substances bound to heavy metals. FTIR spectroscopy tests revealed that the addition of slag resulted in a reduction in the intensity of the O–H telescoping vibration peaks, which in turn promoted the formation of aromatic and epoxide structures and enhanced heavy metal stabilization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that slag can form covalent bonds with Zn, reducing the volatilization risk of Zn species during pyrolysis. The experimental and simulation findings presented in this paper provide new insights into the management of heavy metals in the sludge pyrolysis process.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"577 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of a solid recovered fuel for prediction of its thermal degradation 固体回收燃料的表征及其热降解预测

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00258-x

Sylvie Valin, Tiphaine Benoist, Sylvain Salvador

The objective is to characterize one solid recovered fuel (SRF) and to determine a mixture of model components to represent each of its fractions, both in terms of elemental composition and thermal degradation kinetics. The SRF was first sorted into fractions: hard plastic (21%, mass fraction), soft plastic (12%), wood (15%), paper and cardboard (13%), textile (11%), elastomer (6%), foam (4%), expanded polystyrene (PS, 3%), inert (6%) and fine particles (9%). The SRF fractions and selected model components were characterized in detail via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results confirmed the relevance or presence of a list of model components for each fraction. In the second step, the mass fractions of the model components in the mixtures were calculated for each SRF fraction, with a mathematical optimization method based only on the elemental analysis results. These mixtures succeeded in representing the compositions of the fractions, both for organic and inorganic elements. The hard plastic fraction mainly contains polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) at 38.6% each, as do PS (5.0%) and polyvinylchloride (PVC, 10.9%). The soft plastic fraction is well represented by PE. The textile fraction is complex and includes cotton (15.0%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 40.5%), PP (20.9%), and acrylic (5.2%). The fine particle fraction is rich in pollutants: soil (29.8%), plaster (20.3%), and glass wool (5.0%). The consideration of these fine particles in the SRF composition is thus crucial for determining the sources of inorganic elements.

Graphical abstract

目标是表征一种固体回收燃料（SRF），并确定模型成分的混合物，以代表其每个馏分，包括元素组成和热降解动力学。SRF首先被分成几个部分：硬塑料（21%，质量分数）、软塑料（12%）、木材（15%）、纸和纸板（13%）、纺织品（11%）、弹性体（6%）、泡沫（4%）、膨胀聚苯乙烯（PS, 3%）、惰性（6%）和细颗粒（9%）。通过热重分析（TGA）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）对SRF组分和选定的模型组分进行了详细的表征。结果证实了每个部分的模型组件列表的相关性或存在性。第二步，计算每个SRF分数下模型组分在混合物中的质量分数，采用仅基于元素分析结果的数学优化方法。这些混合物成功地代表了有机和无机元素的组分。硬塑料部分主要为聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP），各占38.6%，PS（5.0%）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）占10.9%。软塑性部分以PE为代表。纺织组分复杂，包括棉花（15.0%）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET, 40.5%）、PP（20.9%）和丙烯酸（5.2%）。细颗粒部分含有丰富的污染物：土壤（29.8%）、灰泥（20.3%）、玻璃棉（5.0%）。因此，考虑SRF组成中的这些细颗粒对于确定无机元素的来源至关重要。图形抽象

{"title":"Characterization of a solid recovered fuel for prediction of its thermal degradation","authors":"Sylvie Valin, Tiphaine Benoist, Sylvain Salvador","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00258-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00258-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective is to characterize one solid recovered fuel (SRF) and to determine a mixture of model components to represent each of its fractions, both in terms of elemental composition and thermal degradation kinetics. The SRF was first sorted into fractions: hard plastic (21%, mass fraction), soft plastic (12%), wood (15%), paper and cardboard (13%), textile (11%), elastomer (6%), foam (4%), expanded polystyrene (PS, 3%), inert (6%) and fine particles (9%). The SRF fractions and selected model components were characterized in detail via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results confirmed the relevance or presence of a list of model components for each fraction. In the second step, the mass fractions of the model components in the mixtures were calculated for each SRF fraction, with a mathematical optimization method based only on the elemental analysis results. These mixtures succeeded in representing the compositions of the fractions, both for organic and inorganic elements. The hard plastic fraction mainly contains polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) at 38.6% each, as do PS (5.0%) and polyvinylchloride (PVC, 10.9%). The soft plastic fraction is well represented by PE. The textile fraction is complex and includes cotton (15.0%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 40.5%), PP (20.9%), and acrylic (5.2%). The fine particle fraction is rich in pollutants: soil (29.8%), plaster (20.3%), and glass wool (5.0%). The consideration of these fine particles in the SRF composition is thus crucial for determining the sources of inorganic elements.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"591 - 609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of activated carbon from waste mushroom sticks via a two-step supercritical carbon dioxide pyrolysis and KOH activation method 废蘑菇棒超临界二氧化碳两步热解- KOH活化法制备活性炭

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00259-w

Ke Tian, Xiaoran Rong, Jiangang Jiang, Qingang Xiong, Hui Jin

To address the problems of insufficient pore structure regulation and low yield in the preparation of biomass activated carbon (AC), a new method for the preparation of AC precursors based on supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO₂) pretreatment was developed in this study. High-performance AC adsorbent materials were systematically prepared from waste mushroom sticks (MSs) by supercritical CO₂ pretreatment combined with KOH activation process. The regulation of the pore structure of the AC materials by the pretreatment and activation process parameters was investigated, and the results showed that the pretreatment technology could significantly improve the adsorption performance and the preparation yield of the AC. Compared with direct activation of the MSs, the maximum yield increased by 4.31 times, the maximal pore volume increased by 25.24%, and the maximal specific surface area increased by 16.12%. The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were as follows: activation temperature of 700 °C, carbon to KOH ratio of 1:3, and activation time of 100 min.

Graphical abstract

针对生物质活性炭（AC）制备过程中存在的孔结构调控不充分、产率低的问题，提出了一种基于超临界二氧化碳（sc-CO2）预处理的生物质活性炭前驱体制备新方法。以废蘑菇棒为原料，采用超临界CO2预处理- KOH活化法制备了高性能的活性炭吸附材料。研究了预处理和活化工艺参数对活性炭材料孔结构的调节作用，结果表明，预处理工艺能显著提高活性炭的吸附性能和制备收率，与直接活化MSs相比，最大收率提高4.31倍，最大孔体积提高25.24%，最大比表面积提高16.12%。制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：活化温度700℃，碳与KOH比1:3，活化时间100 min。图形抽象

{"title":"Preparation of activated carbon from waste mushroom sticks via a two-step supercritical carbon dioxide pyrolysis and KOH activation method","authors":"Ke Tian, Xiaoran Rong, Jiangang Jiang, Qingang Xiong, Hui Jin","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00259-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00259-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the problems of insufficient pore structure regulation and low yield in the preparation of biomass activated carbon (AC), a new method for the preparation of AC precursors based on supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO<sub>2</sub>) pretreatment was developed in this study. High-performance AC adsorbent materials were systematically prepared from waste mushroom sticks (MSs) by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> pretreatment combined with KOH activation process. The regulation of the pore structure of the AC materials by the pretreatment and activation process parameters was investigated, and the results showed that the pretreatment technology could significantly improve the adsorption performance and the preparation yield of the AC. Compared with direct activation of the MSs, the maximum yield increased by 4.31 times, the maximal pore volume increased by 25.24%, and the maximal specific surface area increased by 16.12%. The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were as follows: activation temperature of 700 °C, carbon to KOH ratio of 1:3, and activation time of 100 min.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"611 - 624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study of gangue fine aggregate strengthening technologies: microbially induced mineralization, water glass strengthening, and composite strengthening 脉石细骨料微生物矿化强化、水玻璃强化、复合强化技术对比研究

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00262-1

Chunhua Feng, Linpeng Pan, Ning Li, Yu Chen, Xiaomeng Zhao, Fang Liu, Jianping Zhu, Mingxing Du

When gangue is applied to cementitious materials as fine aggregate, the defects of coal gangue fine aggregate (CFA), such as large porosity, high water absorption, and high surface tension, lead to poor mechanical properties of cementitious materials, which limits its large-scale application in the construction field. In this paper, CFA was strengthened using water glass strengthening, microbial-induced mineralization strengthening, and composite strengthening methods, and the effects of the three strengthening methods on the basic properties of CFA, the mechanical properties of mortar, and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were explored. The strengthening mechanism was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), nanoindentation, and other testing methods. The three strengthening methods were evaluated based on the basic principles of life cycle assessment (LCA). Microbial-induced mineralization can utilize the biological activity of bacteria to achieve targeted repair of the tiny pores of aggregates. Water glass strengthening fills CFA pores and coats the CFA surface with a substance such as a gel produced by the water glass. A composite strengthening treatment can utilize the synergistic reinforcement effect of two single treatments to improve the basic properties of the aggregate. The apparent density of the reinforced CFA increased by 7.69%, the water absorption decreased by 13.07%, and the crushing index decreased by 73.67%. The 3 d compressive strength of the cement mortar prepared with CFA reinforced with composites increased by 44.58%, the 28 d compressive strength increased by 15.43%, and the width of the mortar ITZ decreased from 60 to 30 µm. Water glass strengthening has a smaller environmental impact than microbial strengthening does composite strengthening, and composite strengthening produces an environmental impact that is the sum of the two single strengthening methods.

Graphical abstract

煤矸石作为细骨料应用于胶凝材料时，煤矸石细骨料（CFA）孔隙率大、吸水率高、表面张力大等缺陷导致胶凝材料力学性能差，限制了其在建筑领域的大规模应用。本文采用水玻璃强化法、微生物矿化强化法和复合强化法对CFA进行了强化，探讨了三种强化方法对CFA基本性能、砂浆力学性能和界面过渡区（ITZ）的影响。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、纳米压痕等测试方法研究了强化机理。基于生命周期评价（LCA）的基本原理，对三种加固方法进行了评价。微生物诱导矿化可以利用细菌的生物活性对聚集体的微孔进行针对性修复。水玻璃增强填充CFA孔隙，并用水玻璃产生的凝胶等物质覆盖CFA表面。复合加固处理可以利用两种单一处理的协同加固效果来改善骨料的基本性能。增强后的CFA表观密度提高了7.69%，吸水率降低了13.07%，破碎指数降低了73.67%。复合材料增强CFA砂浆的3d抗压强度提高了44.58%，28 d抗压强度提高了15.43%，砂浆ITZ宽度从60µm减小到30µm。水玻璃强化对环境的影响小于微生物强化对复合强化的影响，复合强化产生的环境影响是两种单一强化方法的总和。图形抽象

{"title":"Comparative study of gangue fine aggregate strengthening technologies: microbially induced mineralization, water glass strengthening, and composite strengthening","authors":"Chunhua Feng, Linpeng Pan, Ning Li, Yu Chen, Xiaomeng Zhao, Fang Liu, Jianping Zhu, Mingxing Du","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00262-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00262-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When gangue is applied to cementitious materials as fine aggregate, the defects of coal gangue fine aggregate (CFA), such as large porosity, high water absorption, and high surface tension, lead to poor mechanical properties of cementitious materials, which limits its large-scale application in the construction field. In this paper, CFA was strengthened using water glass strengthening, microbial-induced mineralization strengthening, and composite strengthening methods, and the effects of the three strengthening methods on the basic properties of CFA, the mechanical properties of mortar, and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were explored. The strengthening mechanism was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), nanoindentation, and other testing methods. The three strengthening methods were evaluated based on the basic principles of life cycle assessment (LCA). Microbial-induced mineralization can utilize the biological activity of bacteria to achieve targeted repair of the tiny pores of aggregates. Water glass strengthening fills CFA pores and coats the CFA surface with a substance such as a gel produced by the water glass. A composite strengthening treatment can utilize the synergistic reinforcement effect of two single treatments to improve the basic properties of the aggregate. The apparent density of the reinforced CFA increased by 7.69%, the water absorption decreased by 13.07%, and the crushing index decreased by 73.67%. The 3 d compressive strength of the cement mortar prepared with CFA reinforced with composites increased by 44.58%, the 28 d compressive strength increased by 15.43%, and the width of the mortar ITZ decreased from 60 to 30 µm. Water glass strengthening has a smaller environmental impact than microbial strengthening does composite strengthening, and composite strengthening produces an environmental impact that is the sum of the two single strengthening methods.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"731 - 751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing clean combustible syngas production: an interpretable machine learning framework for biomass and plastic co-gasification 推进清洁可燃合成气生产：生物质和塑料共气化的可解释机器学习框架

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00256-z

Ning Guo, Yixian Xue, Yuan Liu, Lingyu Tai, Wenchao Ma

Biomass–plastic co-gasification is an effective approach for producing clean and renewable energy and achieving sustainable development. However, the thermochemical reactions involved are complex, and the components of the gaseous products strongly depend on feedstock properties and operating conditions. Conducting conventional co-gasification experiments to produce syngas with high yield and desirable quality is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this context, machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the production of syngas components (CO₂, CO, H₂, CH₄, hydrocarbons of C₂–C₄ (C_nH_m), and hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio (H₂/CO)). Among the tested models, the category boosting (CatBoost) algorithm provided the best prediction performance for all output variables with coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.80–0.94 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 2.46–6.99 on the test set. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis indicated that temperature, steam/fuel ratio (S/F), biomass fixed carbon content, biomass proportion in feedstock, plastic hydrogen and oxygen content, and ash content are the most important factors influencing the yields of syngas components. High temperature promotes the conversion of CH₄ and CO₂ to H₂ and CO, while a higher S/F suppresses the formation of H₂ and CO. A higher biomass proportion increases CO₂ yield but decreases C_nH_m yield and the H₂/CO. The ash content of plastics serves as a valuable and representative proxy for both volatile matter and fixed carbon. These findings help deepen the understanding of key driving mechanisms in the gasification process, guide experimental design and process optimization, and enable targeted regulation of product yields, thereby improving syngas quality and utilization efficiency.

Graphical abstract

生物质-塑料共气化是生产清洁可再生能源和实现可持续发展的有效途径。然而，所涉及的热化学反应是复杂的，气体产物的成分在很大程度上取决于原料的性质和操作条件。进行传统的共气化实验以生产高产、优质的合成气是费时费力的。在这种情况下，使用机器学习算法来预测合成气成分（CO2， CO, H2, CH4， C2-C4的碳氢化合物（CnHm）和氢/一氧化碳比（H2/CO））的产生。在被测试的模型中，类别提升（CatBoost）算法对所有输出变量的预测性能最好，测试集的决定系数（R2）为0.80 ~ 0.94，均方根误差（RMSE）为2.46 ~ 6.99。Shapley添加剂解释（SHAP）分析表明，温度、蒸汽/燃料比（S/F）、生物质固定碳含量、生物质原料比例、塑料氢氧含量和灰分含量是影响合成气组分产率的最重要因素。高温促进了CH4和CO2向H2和CO的转化，而较高的S/F抑制了H2和CO的生成。生物质比例越高，CO2产率越高，CnHm产率越低，H2/CO越低。塑料的灰分含量是挥发分和固定碳的有价值和代表性的代表。这些发现有助于加深对气化过程关键驱动机制的理解，指导实验设计和工艺优化，实现有针对性地调控产物产率，从而提高合成气质量和利用效率。图形抽象

{"title":"Advancing clean combustible syngas production: an interpretable machine learning framework for biomass and plastic co-gasification","authors":"Ning Guo, Yixian Xue, Yuan Liu, Lingyu Tai, Wenchao Ma","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00256-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00256-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass–plastic co-gasification is an effective approach for producing clean and renewable energy and achieving sustainable development. However, the thermochemical reactions involved are complex, and the components of the gaseous products strongly depend on feedstock properties and operating conditions. Conducting conventional co-gasification experiments to produce syngas with high yield and desirable quality is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this context, machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the production of syngas components (CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, hydrocarbons of C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>4</sub> (C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub><i>m</i></sub>), and hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio (H<sub>2</sub>/CO)). Among the tested models, the category boosting (CatBoost) algorithm provided the best prediction performance for all output variables with coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) values of 0.80–0.94 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 2.46–6.99 on the test set. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis indicated that temperature, steam/fuel ratio (S/F), biomass fixed carbon content, biomass proportion in feedstock, plastic hydrogen and oxygen content, and ash content are the most important factors influencing the yields of syngas components. High temperature promotes the conversion of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> to H<sub>2</sub> and CO, while a higher S/F suppresses the formation of H<sub>2</sub> and CO. A higher biomass proportion increases CO<sub>2</sub> yield but decreases C<sub><i>n</i></sub>H<sub><i>m</i></sub> yield and the H<sub>2</sub>/CO. The ash content of plastics serves as a valuable and representative proxy for both volatile matter and fixed carbon. These findings help deepen the understanding of key driving mechanisms in the gasification process, guide experimental design and process optimization, and enable targeted regulation of product yields, thereby improving syngas quality and utilization efficiency.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"561 - 576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable biochar ferrite nanocomposites for high performance electrochemical energy storage systems 用于高性能电化学储能系统的可持续生物炭铁氧体纳米复合材料

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00257-y

Diksha Palariya, Arun Bughani, Mohammad Aziz, Jyoti Maheshwari, Mohammad Ghulam Haider Zaidi, Sameena Mehtab

Nanostructured electrode materials, known for their exceptional electrochemical properties, are pivotal in advancing high-performance energy storage devices to address increasing global energy demands. A biochar ferrite nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized via ultrasonication and utilized to synthesize working electrodes (WEs) for energy storage applications. The prepared NC and electrodes were thoroughly characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultra violet diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, along with electrical and electrochemical techniques. WEs were fabricated by coating slurries of NC and polyvinyl butyral in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone onto mild steel current collectors (CCs), and the WEs with the highest electrical conductivity were selected for further electrochemical analysis. Key electrochemical parameters, including specific capacitance (C_s, F/g), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and direct current conductivity (DC) polarization, were studied in a 1.0 mol/L KOH solution with reference to the Ag/AgCl electrode. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the NC modified electrode achieved a C_s of 570.60 F/g at a scan rate of 25 mV/s, within the potential range of 0–0.6 V. This value is higher than that of many conventional biochar-based (C_s ~300–400 F/g) or ferrite-based composite electrodes (C_s ~400–500 F/g). Moreover, the cycling stability of 99.93% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles is superior to that of several reported supercapacitor electrodes, which often exhibit a retention of ~90%–95% over similar cycling conditions. EIS data, along with potentiodynamic polarization and morphological evaluations, demonstrated the enhanced electrochemical stability of the selected electrode, which exhibited a low corrosion rate of 0.02 mm/a. This work holds promising potential for developing advanced and sustainable energy storage systems, addressing the growing global demand for efficient and durable supercapacitor technologies.

Graphical abstract

纳米结构电极材料以其优异的电化学性能而闻名，是推进高性能储能设备以满足日益增长的全球能源需求的关键。采用超声法合成了生物炭铁氧体纳米复合材料（NC），并将其用于制备储能工作电极（WEs）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外漫反射光谱（UV-DRS）、x射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析以及电学和电化学技术对制备的NC和电极进行了全面表征。将n -甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中NC和聚乙烯醇的浆料涂覆在低碳钢集流器（CCs）上制备WEs，并选择电导率最高的WEs进行进一步的电化学分析。在1.0 mol/L KOH溶液中，以Ag/AgCl电极为参照，研究了主要电化学参数，包括比电容（Cs, F/g）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和直流电导率（DC）极化。循环伏安法表明，在0 ~ 0.6 V电位范围内，扫描速率为25 mV/s时，NC修饰电极的Cs为570.60 F/g。这一数值高于许多传统的生物炭基（Cs ~ 300-400 F/g）或铁氧体基复合电极（Cs ~ 400-500 F/g）。此外，在5000次循环中，99.93%的电容保持率优于一些报道的超级电容器电极，它们在类似的循环条件下通常表现出90%-95%的保持率。EIS数据以及动电位极化和形态评价表明，所选电极的电化学稳定性增强，其腐蚀速率低，为0.02 mm/a。这项工作为开发先进和可持续的储能系统提供了巨大的潜力，解决了全球对高效和耐用超级电容器技术日益增长的需求。图形抽象

{"title":"Sustainable biochar ferrite nanocomposites for high performance electrochemical energy storage systems","authors":"Diksha Palariya, Arun Bughani, Mohammad Aziz, Jyoti Maheshwari, Mohammad Ghulam Haider Zaidi, Sameena Mehtab","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00257-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00257-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanostructured electrode materials, known for their exceptional electrochemical properties, are pivotal in advancing high-performance energy storage devices to address increasing global energy demands. A biochar ferrite nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized via ultrasonication and utilized to synthesize working electrodes (WEs) for energy storage applications. The prepared NC and electrodes were thoroughly characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultra violet diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, along with electrical and electrochemical techniques. WEs were fabricated by coating slurries of NC and polyvinyl butyral in <i>N</i>-methyl-2-pyrrolidone onto mild steel current collectors (CCs), and the WEs with the highest electrical conductivity were selected for further electrochemical analysis. Key electrochemical parameters, including specific capacitance (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub>, F/g), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and direct current conductivity (DC) polarization, were studied in a 1.0 mol/L KOH solution with reference to the Ag/AgCl electrode. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the NC modified electrode achieved a <i>C</i><sub>s</sub> of 570.60 F/g at a scan rate of 25 mV/s, within the potential range of 0–0.6 V. This value is higher than that of many conventional biochar-based (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub> ~300–400 F/g) or ferrite-based composite electrodes (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub> ~400–500 F/g). Moreover, the cycling stability of 99.93% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles is superior to that of several reported supercapacitor electrodes, which often exhibit a retention of ~90%–95% over similar cycling conditions. EIS data, along with potentiodynamic polarization and morphological evaluations, demonstrated the enhanced electrochemical stability of the selected electrode, which exhibited a low corrosion rate of 0.02 mm/a. This work holds promising potential for developing advanced and sustainable energy storage systems, addressing the growing global demand for efficient and durable supercapacitor technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"653 - 672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deodorized refuse derived and pellet fuel production through liquid smoke and drying treatment 通过液体烟和干燥处理产生的脱臭垃圾和颗粒燃料生产

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00254-1

Rizal Alamsyah, Nina Konitat Supriatna, Samdi Yarsono, Lan Marakkup Tua Nainggolan, Agus Kismanto, Nunuy Nurjanah, Alfonsus Agus Raksodewanto, Prima Zuldian, Fahruddin Joko Ermada, Nabila Aprianti, Oni Fariza, Raden Ibrahim Purawiardi, Dheni Mita Mala, Dianta Mustofa Kamal

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management faces persistent challenges from odour emissions driven by high moisture content and microbial activity. Despite extensive studies on mechanical and biological treatments, there remains a significant research gap in rapid, low-energy deodorization methods applicable before waste-to-fuel conversion. This study introduces a novel integration of coconut shell-derived liquid smoke treatment and a two-step drying process (sun and rotary drying) to deodorize MSW and convert it into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pellets. A 5% liquid smoke solution was sprayed onto the waste to inhibit microbial growth, followed by sun drying (reducing moisture from 30% to ~14%) and rotary drying at 35–40 °C for 2 h, achieving a final moisture content below 12%. The treated waste is then ground, sieved (20-mesh), and densified into RDF pellets. Microbial analysis revealed a significant reduction in odour-causing bacteria, including Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The resulting RDF pellets had a calorific value of 18,480 kJ/kg with a moisture content of 11.5%, meeting the requirements of DIN 51731 and SNI 8966:2021. Compared with conventional bio-drying, this approach significantly shortens the drying time (from 4–5 d to 7 h) and improves both hygiene and fuel performance. By addressing this overlooked stage in MSW processing, this study contributes new insights for researchers, policymakers, and urban waste managers. The findings support more informed decision-making, promote environmentally conscious waste management, and provide a scalable, practical solution for reducing landfill reliance while producing clean energy from solid waste.

Graphical abstract

城市固体废物（MSW）管理面临着由高水分含量和微生物活动驱动的气味排放的持续挑战。尽管在机械和生物处理方面进行了广泛的研究，但在废物转化为燃料之前适用的快速、低能耗脱臭方法方面仍存在重大研究空白。本研究介绍了一种新型的椰子壳衍生液体烟处理和两步干燥工艺（日光和旋转干燥）的集成，以除臭生活垃圾并将其转化为垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）颗粒。将5%的液体烟雾溶液喷在废液上抑制微生物生长，然后进行日光干燥（将水分从30%降至~14%）和35-40℃旋转干燥2 h，最终水分含量低于12%。处理后的废物然后被碾磨，筛选（20目），并浓缩成RDF颗粒。微生物分析显示引起异味的细菌显著减少，包括沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌。所得RDF颗粒的热值为18,480 kJ/kg，水分含量为11.5%，符合DIN 51731和SNI 8966:2021的要求。与传统的生物干燥相比，该方法显著缩短了干燥时间（从4-5天到7小时），并改善了卫生和燃料性能。通过解决城市生活垃圾处理中这一被忽视的阶段，本研究为研究人员、政策制定者和城市垃圾管理者提供了新的见解。研究结果支持更明智的决策，促进具有环保意识的废物管理，并为减少对垃圾填埋场的依赖，同时从固体废物中生产清洁能源提供可扩展的实用解决方案。图形抽象

{"title":"Deodorized refuse derived and pellet fuel production through liquid smoke and drying treatment","authors":"Rizal Alamsyah, Nina Konitat Supriatna, Samdi Yarsono, Lan Marakkup Tua Nainggolan, Agus Kismanto, Nunuy Nurjanah, Alfonsus Agus Raksodewanto, Prima Zuldian, Fahruddin Joko Ermada, Nabila Aprianti, Oni Fariza, Raden Ibrahim Purawiardi, Dheni Mita Mala, Dianta Mustofa Kamal","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00254-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00254-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) management faces persistent challenges from odour emissions driven by high moisture content and microbial activity. Despite extensive studies on mechanical and biological treatments, there remains a significant research gap in rapid, low-energy deodorization methods applicable before waste-to-fuel conversion. This study introduces a novel integration of coconut shell-derived liquid smoke treatment and a two-step drying process (sun and rotary drying) to deodorize MSW and convert it into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pellets. A 5% liquid smoke solution was sprayed onto the waste to inhibit microbial growth, followed by sun drying (reducing moisture from 30% to ~14%) and rotary drying at 35–40 °C for 2 h, achieving a final moisture content below 12%. The treated waste is then ground, sieved (20-mesh), and densified into RDF pellets. Microbial analysis revealed a significant reduction in odour-causing bacteria, including <i>Salmonella</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The resulting RDF pellets had a calorific value of 18,480 kJ/kg with a moisture content of 11.5%, meeting the requirements of DIN 51731 and SNI 8966:2021. Compared with conventional bio-drying, this approach significantly shortens the drying time (from 4–5 d to 7 h) and improves both hygiene and fuel performance. By addressing this overlooked stage in MSW processing, this study contributes new insights for researchers, policymakers, and urban waste managers. The findings support more informed decision-making, promote environmentally conscious waste management, and provide a scalable, practical solution for reducing landfill reliance while producing clean energy from solid waste.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"673 - 688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel manganese ferrite-loaded nanocomposite sorbent synthesized from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) industrial processing solid waste-based activated carbon for efficient removal of methylene blue dye from water 以黑孜然（Nigella sativa L.）工业处理固废活性炭为原料合成一种新型负载铁酸锰的纳米复合吸附剂，用于水中亚甲基蓝染料的高效去除

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00250-5

Yekbun Avşar Teymur, Fuat Güzel

The conversion of industrial biowaste into low-cost and environmentally friendly valuable materials without harm to the environment is very important from an economic perspective. The present work investigated the sorptive remediation performance of methylene blue (MB) dye-contaminated water from a novel magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MnF@BAC) material synthesized by loading manganese ferrite (MnF) nanoparticles onto black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) industrial processing solid waste-based activated carbon (BAC) in a microwave irradiation medium. Batch sorption tests were performed to investigate the effects of process factors such as the sorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, ionic strength, and system temperature. The kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Sorption occurred through a complex mechanism that included both an intraparticle diffusion step and other steps. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the equilibrium isotherm data. The maximum MB sorption quantity was 588.2 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that sorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Reusability studies revealed that it could be a high-performance sorbent for MB sorption for up to six cycles. In conclusion, the experimental findings emphasize that it can be implemented as a promising, eco-friendly sorbent for treating MB-containing wastewater without causing secondary pollution to the medium.

Graphical abstract

从经济角度来看，将工业生物废弃物转化为低成本、环境友好、不损害环境的有价值材料是非常重要的。本文研究了一种新型磁性碳纳米复合材料（MnF@BAC）对亚甲基蓝（MB）染料污染水体的吸附修复性能，该材料是在微波辐射介质中将铁酸锰（MnF）纳米颗粒加载到工业处理固体废物活性炭（BAC）上合成的。通过批量吸附试验考察了吸附剂用量、初始染料浓度、接触时间、离子强度和系统温度等工艺因素对吸附效果的影响。动力学数据符合拟二阶（PSO）模型。吸附是通过一个复杂的机制发生的，包括粒子内扩散步骤和其他步骤。Langmuir等温线模型最能描述平衡等温线数据。最大吸附量为588.2 mg/g。热力学参数表明吸附是自发的吸热吸附。可重复使用性研究表明，它可以作为一种高性能的吸附剂，吸附MB长达6个循环。总之，实验结果强调，它可以作为一种有前途的、环保的吸附剂用于处理含mb废水，而不会对介质造成二次污染。图形抽象

{"title":"A novel manganese ferrite-loaded nanocomposite sorbent synthesized from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) industrial processing solid waste-based activated carbon for efficient removal of methylene blue dye from water","authors":"Yekbun Avşar Teymur, Fuat Güzel","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00250-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00250-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The conversion of industrial biowaste into low-cost and environmentally friendly valuable materials without harm to the environment is very important from an economic perspective. The present work investigated the sorptive remediation performance of methylene blue (MB) dye-contaminated water from a novel magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MnF@BAC) material synthesized by loading manganese ferrite (MnF) nanoparticles onto black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) industrial processing solid waste-based activated carbon (BAC) in a microwave irradiation medium. Batch sorption tests were performed to investigate the effects of process factors such as the sorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, ionic strength, and system temperature. The kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Sorption occurred through a complex mechanism that included both an intraparticle diffusion step and other steps. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the equilibrium isotherm data. The maximum MB sorption quantity was 588.2 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that sorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Reusability studies revealed that it could be a high-performance sorbent for MB sorption for up to six cycles. In conclusion, the experimental findings emphasize that it can be implemented as a promising, eco-friendly sorbent for treating MB-containing wastewater without causing secondary pollution to the medium.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"689 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles using macadamia nut shell extracts: photocatalytic and antibacterial activities 利用夏威夷坚果壳提取物绿色合成氧化锌和氧化铜纳米粒子：光催化和抗菌活性

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00255-0

Yodchai Tangjaideborisu, Prema Yugala, Choowin Phanawansombat, Paramasivam Shanmugam, Supakorn Boonyuen, Pariya Na Nakorn

Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches, which often involve hazardous substances. In this study, macadamia nut shell extract was used as a natural stabilizing and capping agent for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide NPs (CuO NPs). The natural compounds present in the macadamia nut shell extract facilitate the formation of these NPs. The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs were confirmed by various types of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure, whereas the CuO NPs displayed a face-centered cubic lattice structure. The green-synthesized NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was assessed by examining the degradation of tetracycline, with ZnO demonstrating superior performance to CuO. The antimicrobial activities of the ZnO and CuO NPs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (strain 902), Escherichia coli (strain 443), Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, and promising results were obtained. Furthermore, both ZnO and CuO NPs exhibited synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. The newly developed green-synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs are simple, cost effective, environmentally friendly, and utilized for various applications, including food packaging, biosensors, and catalysis in pharmaceutical reactions.

Graphical abstract

绿色合成方法作为传统化学方法的环保替代品而备受关注，传统化学方法通常涉及有害物质。本研究以澳洲坚果壳提取物为天然稳定封盖剂，可持续、环保地合成氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）和氧化铜纳米粒子（CuO NPs）。存在于夏威夷坚果壳提取物中的天然化合物促进了这些NPs的形成。通过各种光谱和显微技术对合成的ZnO和CuO纳米粒子进行了验证。x射线衍射（XRD）分析证实ZnO纳米粒子为六方纤锌矿结构，而CuO纳米粒子为面心立方晶格结构。绿色合成的NPs对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌均表现出优异的抗氧化和抗菌性能。此外，通过检测NPs对四环素的降解来评估其光催化效率，ZnO表现出优于CuO的性能。对氧化锌和氧化铜NPs对金黄色葡萄球菌（902）、大肠杆菌（443）、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌的抑菌活性进行了测试，结果表明氧化锌和氧化铜NPs对金黄色葡萄球菌（902）、大肠杆菌（443）、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌的抑菌活性良好。此外，氧化锌和氧化铜NPs在与抗生素联合使用时均表现出协同效应。新开发的绿色合成ZnO和CuO NPs简单、经济、环保，可用于食品包装、生物传感器和药物反应催化等多种应用。图形抽象

{"title":"Green synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles using macadamia nut shell extracts: photocatalytic and antibacterial activities","authors":"Yodchai Tangjaideborisu, Prema Yugala, Choowin Phanawansombat, Paramasivam Shanmugam, Supakorn Boonyuen, Pariya Na Nakorn","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00255-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00255-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches, which often involve hazardous substances. In this study, macadamia nut shell extract was used as a natural stabilizing and capping agent for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide NPs (CuO NPs). The natural compounds present in the macadamia nut shell extract facilitate the formation of these NPs. The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs were confirmed by various types of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure, whereas the CuO NPs displayed a face-centered cubic lattice structure. The green-synthesized NPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was assessed by examining the degradation of tetracycline, with ZnO demonstrating superior performance to CuO. The antimicrobial activities of the ZnO and CuO NPs were tested against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (strain 902), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (strain 443), <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, and promising results were obtained. Furthermore, both ZnO and CuO NPs exhibited synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. The newly developed green-synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs are simple, cost effective, environmentally friendly, and utilized for various applications, including food packaging, biosensors, and catalysis in pharmaceutical reactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":"703 - 715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0