Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated water: high effectiveness of modified biochars from legal amazon residues 砷污染水的修复：亚马逊河合法残基改性生物炭的高效利用

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00235-4

Mariana de Souza Borges, Magale Karine Diel Rambo, Fabio Andrei Duarte, Robert Alan Burrow, Elisandra Scapin

Arsenic contamination in water poses a significant global health risk, especially in regions with mining activities, such as the Legal Amazon. This study investigated the efficacy of iron-impregnated biochar, derived from three abundant fruit wastes native to the Legal Amazon region (baru, cupuaçu, and pequi), in removing As(V) from water. The biochars were characterized by techniques including elemental analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that iron impregnation significantly modified the surface properties of the biochar, leading to an increase in surface area and the introduction of new functional groups. A response surface methodology, employing a central composite design (CCD), was utilized to optimize the adsorption process by varying the biochar dosage (g L⁻¹), the initial concentration of As(V) (µg L⁻¹), and the pH. The findings demonstrate that all three iron-modified biochars exhibit high arsenic removal efficiencies, exceeding 90% under all tested conditions. The optimal conditions for each biochar varied, suggesting that the unique surface chemistry and porosity resulting from the different biomass sources play critical roles in the adsorption performance. Furthermore, a comparative analysis revealed the differences in adsorption capacities among the biochars, with the Cupuaçu shell biochar showing the highest efficiency. Overall, these results highlight the potential of utilizing readily available fruit waste to develop sustainable and effective adsorbents for arsenic remediation. The FeCl₃ impregnation method proved simple yet effective, showing a particular promise for applications in resource-limited communities.

Graphical Abstract

水中的砷污染对全球健康构成重大威胁，特别是在有采矿活动的地区，如合法的亚马逊地区。本研究考察了铁浸渍生物炭去除水中砷(V)的效果，该生物炭来源于三种原产于合法亚马逊地区的丰富水果废弃物（baru， cupuau和pequi）。采用元素分析、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）表面积测定、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）等技术对生物炭进行了表征。结果表明，铁浸渍显著改变了生物炭的表面性质，使其表面积增加，并引入了新的官能团。采用响应面法，采用中心复合设计（CCD），通过改变生物炭的投加量（g L−1），As(V)的初始浓度（µg L−1）和ph来优化吸附过程。研究结果表明，在所有测试条件下，所有三种铁修饰生物炭都具有较高的砷去除效率，超过90%。每种生物炭的最佳条件各不相同，这表明不同生物质来源产生的独特表面化学和孔隙度对吸附性能起着关键作用。此外，对比分析还揭示了不同生物炭的吸附能力差异，其中cupuapuru壳生物炭的吸附效率最高。总的来说，这些结果突出了利用现成的水果废物开发可持续和有效的砷修复吸附剂的潜力。事实证明，FeCl3浸渍方法简单而有效，在资源有限的社区中具有特殊的应用前景。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in sustainable organic waste treatment: a review 人工智能在有机废物可持续处理中的应用综述

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00246-1

Dharshika Sugumaran, Madushan D. Udakandage, Sanduni P. Kodippili, Maleesha M. De Alwis, Danushika L. Attigala, Neeliya N. Ranasinghe, Danushika C. Manatunga, Rohan S. Dassanayake, Yang Zhou, Yuanyuan Liu

Waste and waste generation are inevitable aspects of human life, especially organic waste, and have evolved with societal and industrial development. Waste generation cannot be entirely prevented, but it can be treated, managed, and minimized through various sustainable practices to mitigate its environmental and health impacts. Current organic waste management techniques include composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and hydrothermal treatment. Even though these techniques help to treat and manage organic waste, they face numerous challenges, such as the complexity of organic waste, difficulty in collection and segregation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Notably, there is an urgent need to reduce and control the large volume of waste generated in a short timeframe. Artificial intelligence (AI)- and machine learning (ML)-based waste management systems have recently been considered for treating organic waste due to their optimized waste collection routes, automatic sorting, efficient recovery, and contaminant reduction. In particular, AI models can facilitate and accelerate the implementation of the circular economy concept, thereby maximizing resource optimization to achieve the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). The current review summarizes recently published research studies on AI-based technologies and their applications in organic waste treatment and management, including the prediction and monitoring of waste generation, automated waste collection, sorting, classification, bioconversion and treatment process optimization, waste recycling, bin-level monitoring, and vehicle routing. The major prospects and challenges of using AI technology in organic waste treatment, as well as the future directions of AI-based waste management practices, are also discussed. This review also provides exclusive coverage of various types of organic waste, conventional organic waste treatment methods and their limitations, as well as the role of organic waste management in achieving the SDGs.

Graphical abstract

废物和废物产生是人类生活不可避免的方面，特别是有机废物，并随着社会和工业的发展而演变。不能完全防止废物产生，但可以通过各种可持续做法处理、管理和尽量减少废物产生，以减轻其对环境和健康的影响。目前的有机废物管理技术包括堆肥、厌氧消化、焚烧和水热处理。尽管这些技术有助于处理和管理有机废物，但它们面临着许多挑战，例如有机废物的复杂性，收集和分离的困难，水污染和温室气体（GHG）排放。值得注意的是，迫切需要在短时间内减少和控制产生的大量废物。基于人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）的废物管理系统最近被考虑用于处理有机废物，因为它们优化了废物收集路线、自动分类、有效回收和减少污染物。特别是，人工智能模型可以促进和加速循环经济理念的实施，从而最大限度地优化资源，实现联合国可持续发展目标（sdg）。本文综述了最近发表的基于人工智能的技术及其在有机废物处理和管理中的应用研究，包括废物产生的预测和监测、自动废物收集、分类、分类、生物转化和处理过程优化、废物回收、垃圾箱级监测和车辆路线。讨论了人工智能技术在有机废物处理中的主要前景和挑战，以及基于人工智能的废物管理实践的未来方向。本综述还提供了各种类型的有机废物，传统有机废物处理方法及其局限性，以及有机废物管理在实现可持续发展目标中的作用的独家报道。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Plastic waste and residual waste management: a case study of the Pathum Thani dumpsite in Thailand 塑料废物和残余废物管理：泰国巴吞他尼垃圾场的案例研究

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00245-2

Pawan Kumar Srikanth, Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon, Chettiyappan Visvanathan

Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills. This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at a dumpsite in Thailand, where plastic waste constituted 35%–62% of excavated waste across different sampling depths. Excavated plastic waste was classified by resin codes, with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dominating 86% of plastic waste from 2012 to 2014 and decreasing to 43% in 2019. The analysis revealed that unbranded single-layer packaging predominated, with branded plastics increasing from 4% to 6% (2012, 2013, and 2014) to 17% (2019). Dumpsite mining operations at the Pathum Thani site produced approximately 100 t of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) per day, generating revenue of 800–1200 THB per ton. However, the process also generated 40–50 t of residual waste daily, consisting of soil-like material mixed with plastic waste (20% plastics, 35% combustible fractions, and the remaining mainly soil type materials). These residues failed Thai compost standards due to high electrical conductivity (8.2 dS/cm vs. standard ≤3.5 dS/cm) and low germination index (4.43% vs. standard ≥80.00%). Recommendations include adjusting the moisture content of input waste and modifying sieve sizes to improve output quality, with approximately 50% of soil fractions potentially recoverable through screening at <12.5 mm. The study estimates total plastic waste in the dumpsite to be 36559.79 t, with a potential revenue of 35 million THB if fully processed. The implementation of site-specific management studies, promotion of dumpsite mining, reduction of unbranded plastics consumption, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies are crucial for achieving circularity of plastic waste fractions.

Graphical abstract

大多数发展中国家通常在露天垃圾场和垃圾填埋场处置固体废物。本研究分析了泰国一个垃圾场的城市固体废物（MSW）的组成，在不同的采样深度，塑料废物占挖掘废物的35%-62%。挖掘的塑料垃圾按树脂编码分类，2012年至2014年，低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）占塑料垃圾的86%，2019年降至43%。分析显示，无品牌单层包装占主导地位，品牌塑料从4%增加到6%（2012年、2013年和2014年），到17%（2019年）。Pathum Thani垃圾场的采矿作业每天产生约100吨垃圾衍生燃料（RDF），每吨产生800-1200泰铢的收入。然而，该过程每天也产生40 - 50t的残余废物，由土壤类物质与塑料废物混合组成（20%的塑料，35%的可燃组分，其余主要是土壤类物质）。由于电导率高（8.2 dS/cm，而标准≤3.5 dS/cm）和发芽率低（4.43%，而标准≥80.00%），这些残留物未达到泰国堆肥标准。建议包括调整输入废物的水分含量和修改筛尺寸以提高产出质量，大约50%的土壤组分可能通过12.5毫米筛分回收。该研究估计，垃圾场的塑料垃圾总量为36559.79吨，如果完全处理，潜在收入为3500万泰铢。实施具体地点管理研究、促进垃圾场采矿、减少无品牌塑料消费和扩大生产者责任（EPR）政策对于实现塑料废物组分的循环利用至关重要。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Exploration on using solid waste-derived sulphoaluminate composite as low-cost binder for high-impermeability stabilization of sandy soil 固体废物衍生硫铝酸盐复合材料作为高抗渗固沙土低成本粘结剂的探索

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00248-z

Shuang Zhang, Jingwei Li, Wenbin Shi, Fawei Lin, Bigaliev Aitkhazha Bigalievich, Eminov Ashraf Mamurovich, Wenlong Wang

Large-scale utilization of solid waste is the key challenge in building sustainable infrastructure. Given the high demand for sandy soil stabilizers in subgrades, dams and other infrastructure projects and the high permeability of sandy soil, a sulphoaluminate composite cementitious material (SCCM) was developed by incorporating solid waste-derived sulphoaluminate cementitious material (SAC), desulfurized gypsum, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and supplementary industrial byproducts, which can be used as high-permeability stabilizers for sandy soil. The economic and environmental assessment revealed that the carbon emission factor of the SCCM throughout their whole life cycle was 135.8 kg/t. The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of stabilized sandy soil for 28 d was the highest among all the stabilized sandy soils, and the 28 d immersion stability rate was 72.5%. The 28 d permeability coefficient of sandy soil stabilized by SCCM decreased from 8.7×10⁻⁴ cm/s for natural sandy soil to 5.7×10⁻⁷ cm/s, which was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of SAC and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) stabilized sandy soil. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the co-existence of ettringite and hydrated calcium silicate gel, and their addition improved the properties of the stabilized sandy soil. The results of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) test revealed that the porosity of the SCCM stabilized sandy soil was lower than that of the SAC stabilized sandy soil and OPC, resulting in a dense structure. This study provides an innovative solution for the utilization of bulk solid waste in stabilizing sandy soil in infrastructure projects.

Graphical abstract

固体废物的大规模利用是建设可持续基础设施的关键挑战。针对路基、大坝等基础设施工程对砂土稳定剂需求量大，砂土渗透性高的特点，以固体废弃物衍生的硫铝酸盐胶凝材料（SAC）、脱硫石膏、磨粒高炉矿渣（GGBS）及工业副产物为辅助原料，研制了硫铝酸盐复合胶凝材料（SCCM），可作为砂土的高渗透性稳定剂。经济环境评价结果表明，SCCM全生命周期碳排放因子为135.8 kg/t。结果表明：稳定砂质土28 d的无侧限抗压强度（UCS）在所有稳定砂质土中最高，28 d浸水稳定率为72.5%；SCCM稳定砂土的28 d渗透系数由天然砂土的8.7×10−4 cm/s降至5.7×10−7 cm/s，比SAC和普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）稳定砂土的28 d渗透系数低1 ~ 2个数量级。扫描电镜（SEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，钙矾石和水化硅酸钙凝胶共存，两者的加入改善了稳定砂质土的性能。低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）测试结果表明，SCCM稳定砂土的孔隙率低于SAC稳定砂土和OPC稳定砂土，结构致密。本研究为基础设施工程中利用散装固体废物稳定沙质土提供了一种创新的解决方案。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Solid waste-azo dye degradation closed loop: bridging coal gangue recycling and azo dye removal 固体废物-偶氮染料降解闭环：架起煤矸石回收与偶氮染料去除的桥梁

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00247-0

Chunjie Huang, Wenkang Qi, Yutong Yang, Ying Zhang, Jianwen Lu, Qiuxia Ye, Xingyong Xue, Yaocong Han, Qiaoqiao Su, Dongping Wei, Lihong Lan

To address the dual challenges of coal gangue utilization and azo dye wastewater treatment, this study developed cobalt-loaded geopolymer microsphere catalysts (Co@CGM) through the resource utilization of coal gangue for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, achieving efficient degradation of azo dyes sunset yellow (SY) and amaranth red (AR). Single-factor experiments demonstrated that Co@CGM exhibited exceptional catalytic performance at ultra-low PMS concentrations (0.25–0.50 mmol/L), achieving degradation efficiencies of 99.38% for SY and 99.91% for AR within 30 min for 100 mL solutions at 50 mg/L concentration. Stability tests revealed that Co@CGM maintained significant PMS activation effectiveness through five degradation cycles, demonstrating strong acid-base resistance (pH=3–9) and excellent anion interference resistance (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, H₂PO₄⁻, etc.). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (EPR) analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen (¹O₂) served as the primary reactive species driving the rapid degradation process in both SY and AR systems. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis identified intermediate products and proposed degradation pathways for both dyes. This work successfully developed an eco-friendly functional material through coal gangue waste recycling, achieving the goal of “treating waste with waste” in azo dye wastewater remediation.

Graphical abstract

为了解决煤矸石利用和偶氮染料废水处理的双重挑战，本研究通过对煤矸石资源利用进行过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）活化，开发了钴负载地聚合物微球催化剂（Co@CGM），实现了偶氮染料日落黄（SY）和苋菜红（AR）的高效降解。单因素实验表明Co@CGM在超低PMS浓度（0.25-0.50 mmol/L）下表现出优异的催化性能，在50 mg/L浓度的100 mL溶液中，30 min内对SY和AR的降解效率分别达到99.38%和99.91%。稳定性测试表明，Co@CGM在5个降解循环中保持了显著的PMS活化效果，具有较强的酸碱耐受性（pH= 3-9）和优异的阴离子抗干扰性（Cl−、NO3−、H2PO4−等）。猝灭实验和电子顺磁共振谱（EPR）分析证实，单线态氧（1O2）是驱动SY和AR体系快速降解过程的主要反应物质。液相色谱-质谱仪（LC-MS）分析确定了两种染料的中间产物并提出了降解途径。通过对煤矸石废弃物的回收利用，成功开发了一种生态友好型功能材料，实现了偶氮染料废水修复中“以废治废”的目标。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of a Dracaena plant-based microbial fuel cell utilizing municipal solid waste compost as substrate and stainless steel mesh-supported 3D Cassia Fistula as bioanode 以城市生活垃圾堆肥为基质，不锈钢网状三维决明子瘘为生物阳极的龙血树植物微生物燃料电池性能评价

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00244-3

Kumar Sonu, Zainab Syed, Gurpreet Singh, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Monika Sogani

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven research into plant microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) as a renewable bioelectricity sources. This study evaluated the performance of a Dracaena plant-based PMFC utilizing a 3D biomass anode derived from Cassia fistula and varying percentage of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) to enhance power generation and plant growth. The 3D anode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confirming its porous structure, high carbon content, and thermal stability, which facilitate microbial colonization and electron transfer. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the 3D anode exhibited superior charge transfer efficiency compared to the control anode. The highest power density (204 mW/m²) and current density (255 mA/m²) were achieved with 30% compost, indicating an optimal balance between microbial activity and nutrient availability. Additionally, plant growth was significantly enhanced under 20%–30% compost treatments, while excessive compost (>40%) led to a decrease in performance. The results highlight the economic and environmental benefits of integrating biomass-derived electrodes and organic waste in PMFCs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost and sustainable materials for bioelectricity generation and plant growth enhancement, paving the way for further optimization and large-scale applications.

Graphical abstract

对可持续能源解决方案日益增长的需求推动了对植物微生物燃料电池（pmfc）作为可再生生物电力来源的研究。本研究利用决明子瘘管衍生的3D生物质阳极和不同百分比的城市固体废物堆肥（MSWC）来评估龙acaa植物基PMFC的性能，以增强发电和植物生长。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）对3D阳极进行了表征，证实了其多孔结构、高碳含量和热稳定性，有利于微生物定植和电子转移。电化学分析表明，3D阳极的电荷转移效率优于对照阳极。30%的堆肥可达到最高的功率密度（204 mW/m2）和电流密度（255 mA/m2），表明微生物活性和养分利用率之间的最佳平衡。20% ~ 30%堆肥处理显著促进了植株生长，而过量堆肥（>40%）导致生产性能下降。研究结果强调了将生物质电极和有机废物整合到pmfc中的经济和环境效益。该研究证明了低成本和可持续材料用于生物发电和植物生长促进的可行性，为进一步优化和大规模应用铺平了道路。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Recoverable biobased products from agro-food and industrial wastes: implications for wealth and health 从农业食品和工业废物中回收的生物基产品：对财富和健康的影响

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00243-4

Fetene Fufa Bakare, Tsion Chuni Akililu, Eset Negash Kebebew, Allah Dekama Jara, Hailemariam Gebru, Teshome Taye

Wastes can be defined as unwanted materials that are dumped away from several sources. It can be a by-product of home, agricultural, industrial, commercial, mining, and other ventures, sources, or activities. Nowadays such waste materials are not just waste; they are becoming the source of wealth and health. A substantial volume of organic waste, around 1.3 billion tons per year, is identified as a possible source of feedstock for biobased goods. Waste materials are being used for the development of various useful products, such as bioenergy, biomaterials, biotechnology, and so on. Wastes are valuable resources for health and wealth creation, with an emphasis on resources recovered from environmental and agro-food wastes applying via biotechnology. This review focuses on biotechnological applications in waste valorizations and examines the health and economic effects of obtaining resources from agro-food and environmental wastes. According to the quantitative findings, producing biogas from agro-food sector waste can provide between 80 and 150 m³ of biogas for every ton of fresh organic waste, which result in significant energy savings and greenhouse gas mitigation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that converting just 10% of the world’s food waste may result in financial gains of over 100 billion USD in addition to reducing the health hazards related to trash disposal. By demonstrating that the valorization not only generates financial gains through the development of bioplastics and biofertilizers but also improves health outcomes by reducing pollution and improving food safety, the paper highlights the double advantages of waste recovery. Besides, it emphasizes the application of biotechnological methods, showcasing innovative and scientific approaches to resource recovery in which the reviewed findings will be relevant for industry stakeholders and policymakers.

Graphical abstract

废物可以定义为从几个来源倾倒的不需要的物质。它可以是家庭、农业、工业、商业、采矿和其他企业、来源或活动的副产品。如今，这些废料不仅仅是废物；他们正在成为财富和健康的源泉。大量的有机废物，每年约13亿吨，被确定为生物基产品的可能原料来源。废弃物正被用于开发各种有用的产品，如生物能源、生物材料、生物技术等。废物是健康和创造财富的宝贵资源，重点是通过生物技术从环境和农业食品废物中回收资源。本综述的重点是生物技术在废物增值中的应用，并审查从农业食品和环境废物中获取资源的健康和经济影响。根据定量调查结果，利用农业食品部门废物生产沼气，每吨新鲜有机废物可产生80至150立方米沼气，从而显著节约能源并减少温室气体排放。此外，据建议，除了减少与垃圾处理有关的健康危害外，仅转化世界上10%的食物垃圾就可能带来超过1000亿美元的经济收益。通过证明增值不仅通过开发生物塑料和生物肥料产生经济收益，而且通过减少污染和提高食品安全改善健康结果，本文强调了废物回收的双重优势。此外，它强调生物技术方法的应用，展示了资源回收的创新和科学方法，其中审查的结果将与行业利益相关者和决策者相关。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge containing disposable face masks through hydrothermal pretreatment: improving methane production and reducing toxicity 通过水热预处理提高含一次性口罩的废活性污泥厌氧消化：提高甲烷产量，降低毒性

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00242-5

Ming Liu, Xuezhi Wang, Ting Fan, Xiaoli Zhao

Disposable face masks (DFMs), which are essential for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Ebola, and tuberculosis, create significant environmental challenges due to improper disposal. DFMs frequently accumulate in waste-activated sludge (WAS), posing potential environmental hazards. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is typically employed to stabilize and recovery resource from WAS; however, the presence of DFMs substantially disrupts the AD process. This study explored the potential of integrating hydrothermal pretreatment (HTT) with AD to maximize methane yield while mitigating the toxicological impact of mask-derived pollutants. The HTT of polypropylene (PP) (primary constituent of masks) or masks was conducted in 100 mL stainless-steel reactors with a mass concentration of 4 g per 40 mL deionized water, heated at 2.5 °C/min to 160 °C for durations of 0.5, 1, and 2 h. HTT increased the surface roughness of PP, induced oxygenated functional groups (–OH and C=O), enhanced the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and reduced hydrophobicity and relative crystallinity, effectively addressing the limitations of enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared to untreated masks, cumulative methane production increased by 16.2%, 31.5%, and 20.8% for HTT pretreatment at 160 °C for 0.5, 1, and 2 h, respectively. Microbial community analysis indicated that HTT increased the relative abundance of specific hydrolytic-acidifying (Bacteroidota, Acidobacteria, and Desulfobacterota), and methanogenic bacteria (Methanosaeta and Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum) in AD process. Phytotoxicity tests demonstrated that digestates from AD of HTT mask at 160 °C for 1 h increased germination index of plants by 18.1%. This study shows HTT is a promising method for enhancing AD efficiency and lowering DFMs toxicity.

Graphical abstract

一次性口罩对于缓解SARS-CoV-2、2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）、埃博拉病毒和结核病等传染病的传播至关重要，但由于处置不当，造成了重大的环境挑战。dfm经常在废物活性污泥（WAS）中积累，造成潜在的环境危害。厌氧消化（AD）通常用于稳定和回收WAS中的资源；然而，dfm的存在实质上破坏了AD的进程。本研究探索了水热预处理（HTT）与AD相结合的潜力，以最大限度地提高甲烷产量，同时减轻面罩衍生污染物的毒理学影响。聚丙烯（PP）（掩膜的主要成分）或掩膜在100 mL不锈钢反应器中进行HTT，质量浓度为4 g / 40 mL去离子水，在2.5°C/min至160°C下加热0.5,1和2 h。HTT增加了PP的表面粗糙度，诱导氧化官能团（-OH和C=O），增强了溶解有机碳（DOC）的浸出，降低了疏水性和相对结晶度。有效地解决酶水解的局限性。与未处理面罩相比，160°C高温预处理0.5、1和2 h的累计甲烷产量分别增加了16.2%、31.5%和20.8%。微生物群落分析表明，HTT增加了AD过程中特定水解酸化菌（Bacteroidota, Acidobacteria, Desulfobacterota）和产甲烷菌（Methanosaeta和Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum）的相对丰度。植物毒性试验表明，HTT膜中AD的消化液在160℃下处理1 h，使植物的发芽指数提高了18.1%。该研究表明，HTT是一种很有前途的提高AD效率和降低DFMs毒性的方法。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of heavy metal zinc and lead concentrations in waste incineration fly ash based on hyperspectral reflectance features 基于高光谱反射特征的垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属锌、铅浓度预测

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00236-3

Wenyuan Wang, Liqiang Zhang, Fei Wang, Wei Xiong, Haibin Cui, Xinrong Wu, Guojun Lv, Lihong Zhang, Qiyu Gao

Heavy metal contamination in waste incineration fly ash poses serious environmental and public health risks, necessitating efficient and precise detection methods. Traditional techniques require complex sample preparation and lengthy analysis, limiting their suitability for on-site or real-time monitoring. To address this, this study proposes a rapid detection method using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Zn (zinc) and Pb (lead) spectral characteristics were analyzed through first-order differentiation (FD), second-order differentiation (SD), de-trending (DT), and logarithm of the reciprocal (LogInv) transformations, followed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract key bands (max |r|=0.78). A stacking model integrating partial least squares regression (PLSR), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was developed to optimize spectral transformation and inversion modeling. Stacking outperformed individual models, achieving the highest accuracy for Zn (R²=0.748) and Pb (R²=0.735) with CWT-SD and CWT-FD transformation. BPNN exhibited overfitting in small samples, whereas PLSR was constrained by linear assumptions. In contrast, stacking combines the strengths of all the base models, improving accuracy and stability. This study elucidates the spectral characteristics of fly ash and validates the effectiveness of stacking in hyperspectral heavy metal prediction. The findings provide theoretical and technical support for efficient, non-destructive detection, with promising applications in waste incineration management and environmental monitoring.

Graphical Abstract

垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属污染具有严重的环境和公共健康风险，需要高效、精确的检测方法。传统技术需要复杂的样品制备和冗长的分析，限制了它们对现场或实时监测的适用性。针对这一问题，本研究提出了一种利用可见光和近红外反射光谱的快速检测方法，以提高效率，降低成本。通过一阶微分（FD）、二阶微分（SD）、去趋势（DT）和对数倒数（LogInv）变换分析Zn （zinc）和Pb （lead）的光谱特征，然后通过连续小波变换（CWT）提取关键波段（max |r|=0.78）。基于偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、反向传播神经网络（BPNN）、支持向量回归（SVR）、随机森林（RF）和极端梯度增强（XGBoost）的叠加模型，对光谱变换和反演建模进行了优化。叠加优于单个模型，在CWT-SD和CWT-FD转换下，Zn （R2=0.748）和Pb （R2=0.735）的准确率最高。BPNN在小样本中表现出过拟合，而PLSR则受到线性假设的约束。相比之下，叠加结合了所有基础模型的优势，提高了精度和稳定性。本研究阐明了粉煤灰的光谱特征，验证了叠加在高光谱重金属预测中的有效性。研究结果为高效、无损检测提供了理论和技术支持，在垃圾焚烧管理和环境监测方面具有广阔的应用前景。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Long-term microbial community dynamics in full-scale dry and wet anaerobic digesters for food waste 食物垃圾全尺寸干湿厌氧沼气池的长期微生物群落动态

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00240-7

Jinlin Zou, Zhenchao Shi, Wei Peng, Hua Zhang, Fan Lü, Pinjing He

This study investigated the long-term microbial community dynamics (nearly 200 d) in four full-scale dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) reactors and two wet anaerobic digestion (WAD) reactors for treating food waste. Compared with WAD, DAD demonstrated significantly higher operational instability under elevated concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs, 8000–15000 mg/L) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN, 5000–7500 mg/L), particularly during recovery phases following prolonged feeding interruption. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures between the two systems. In DAD, syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria (SAOB) dominated by the genera Halocella and DTU014 was significantly enriched, whereas the bacterial community in WAD was primarily characterized by Defluviitoga. Both systems exhibited hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM) as the dominant pathway, with Methanoculleus being the prevalent archaeal genus in both configurations. Notably, Methanobrevibacter was exclusively detected in DAD. Furthermore, increasing VFA concentrations triggered a structural reorganization of microbial communities in DAD. The relative abundances of Halocella and DTU014 decreased markedly under high-VFA stress, whereas Methanobrevibacter abundance was positively correlated with VFA accumulation. These findings highlight system-specific microbial resilience mechanisms and provide critical insights into VFA-driven community dynamics in anaerobic digestion systems. The results have practical implications for optimizing process stability and methane recovery efficiency in DAD, particularly under high organic loading or feedstock variability conditions.

Graphical abstract

研究了4个全尺寸干式厌氧消化（DAD）反应器和2个湿式厌氧消化（WAD）反应器处理食物垃圾的长期微生物群落动态（近200 d）。与WAD相比，在挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs, 8000-15000 mg/L）和总氨氮（TAN, 5000-7500 mg/L）浓度升高的情况下，DAD表现出明显更高的操作不稳定性，尤其是在长时间饲喂中断后的恢复阶段。16S rRNA测序分析显示，两种系统的微生物群落结构不同。在DAD中，以Halocella属和DTU014属为主的合营养乙酸氧化菌（SAOB）显著富集，而在WAD中，细菌群落以Defluviitoga为主。两种系统均以氢营养化产甲烷（HM）为主要途径，其中甲烷菌属（Methanoculleus）是两种配置中普遍存在的古菌属。值得注意的是，在DAD中只检测到甲烷预防菌。此外，VFA浓度的增加引发了DAD微生物群落的结构重组。高VFA胁迫下，Halocella和DTU014的相对丰度显著降低，而methanobrebacter的丰度与VFA积累量呈正相关。这些发现突出了系统特异性微生物恢复机制，并为厌氧消化系统中vfa驱动的群落动态提供了重要见解。研究结果对优化DAD工艺稳定性和甲烷回收效率具有实际意义，特别是在高有机负荷或原料可变性条件下。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0