E. Menegola , M. Battistoni , R. Bacchetta , F. Metruccio , F. Di Renzo
{"title":"通过适用于青蛙胚胎致畸性试验的新评分系统(FETAX-score)评估与温度和乙醇有关的发育程度变化:爪蟾。","authors":"E. Menegola , M. Battistoni , R. Bacchetta , F. Metruccio , F. Di Renzo","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108632","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present work is to propose a new quantitative assessment method (FETAX-score) for determining the degree of <em>Xenopus laevis</em> embryo development intended for use in embryotoxicity studies. Inspired by a similar scoring system used to evaluate developmental delays (young-for-age phenotypes) in rat embryos cultured <em>in vitro,</em> the FETAX-score was established by considering seven morphological features (head, naris, mouth, lower jaw, tentacles, intestine, anus) that are easily evaluable in tadpoles during the late stages of development at the conclusion of the test. Given that <em>X. laevis</em> development is temperature-dependent and that temperatures below 14°C and above 26°C are teratogenic, the FETAX-score was tested in embryos maintained at 17, 20, 23 and 26°C. No abnormalities were observed in any group, while the total score was temperature-related, suggesting that the FETAX-score is sensitive to moderate distress that does not influence general morphology. Intestine and anus were the least sensitive structures to temperature variations. To assess the applicability of the FETAX-score in developmental toxicological studies, we evaluated FETAX-score in tadpoles exposed during the morphogenetic period to Ethanol (Eth) at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% v/v. Gross malformations were observed only in tadpoles from the Eth 2% group. By contrast, data analysis of the other Eth groups showed dose-related reductions in the FETAX-score. Tentacles were the most sensitive structures to Eth-related delays. These results support the use of the FETAX-score to quantitatively assess developmental deviations in FETAX embryotoxicity studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623824000996/pdfft?md5=f4907398a3aa34f10fc44e735e7c17da&pid=1-s2.0-S0890623824000996-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of temperature- and ethanol-related developmental degree variations by a new scoring system (FETAX-score) applicable to Frog Embryo Teratogenicity Assay: Xenopus.\",\"authors\":\"E. Menegola , M. Battistoni , R. Bacchetta , F. Metruccio , F. Di Renzo\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108632\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The aim of the present work is to propose a new quantitative assessment method (FETAX-score) for determining the degree of <em>Xenopus laevis</em> embryo development intended for use in embryotoxicity studies. Inspired by a similar scoring system used to evaluate developmental delays (young-for-age phenotypes) in rat embryos cultured <em>in vitro,</em> the FETAX-score was established by considering seven morphological features (head, naris, mouth, lower jaw, tentacles, intestine, anus) that are easily evaluable in tadpoles during the late stages of development at the conclusion of the test. Given that <em>X. laevis</em> development is temperature-dependent and that temperatures below 14°C and above 26°C are teratogenic, the FETAX-score was tested in embryos maintained at 17, 20, 23 and 26°C. No abnormalities were observed in any group, while the total score was temperature-related, suggesting that the FETAX-score is sensitive to moderate distress that does not influence general morphology. Intestine and anus were the least sensitive structures to temperature variations. To assess the applicability of the FETAX-score in developmental toxicological studies, we evaluated FETAX-score in tadpoles exposed during the morphogenetic period to Ethanol (Eth) at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% v/v. Gross malformations were observed only in tadpoles from the Eth 2% group. By contrast, data analysis of the other Eth groups showed dose-related reductions in the FETAX-score. Tentacles were the most sensitive structures to Eth-related delays. 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Evaluation of temperature- and ethanol-related developmental degree variations by a new scoring system (FETAX-score) applicable to Frog Embryo Teratogenicity Assay: Xenopus.
The aim of the present work is to propose a new quantitative assessment method (FETAX-score) for determining the degree of Xenopus laevis embryo development intended for use in embryotoxicity studies. Inspired by a similar scoring system used to evaluate developmental delays (young-for-age phenotypes) in rat embryos cultured in vitro, the FETAX-score was established by considering seven morphological features (head, naris, mouth, lower jaw, tentacles, intestine, anus) that are easily evaluable in tadpoles during the late stages of development at the conclusion of the test. Given that X. laevis development is temperature-dependent and that temperatures below 14°C and above 26°C are teratogenic, the FETAX-score was tested in embryos maintained at 17, 20, 23 and 26°C. No abnormalities were observed in any group, while the total score was temperature-related, suggesting that the FETAX-score is sensitive to moderate distress that does not influence general morphology. Intestine and anus were the least sensitive structures to temperature variations. To assess the applicability of the FETAX-score in developmental toxicological studies, we evaluated FETAX-score in tadpoles exposed during the morphogenetic period to Ethanol (Eth) at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% v/v. Gross malformations were observed only in tadpoles from the Eth 2% group. By contrast, data analysis of the other Eth groups showed dose-related reductions in the FETAX-score. Tentacles were the most sensitive structures to Eth-related delays. These results support the use of the FETAX-score to quantitatively assess developmental deviations in FETAX embryotoxicity studies.
期刊介绍:
Drawing from a large number of disciplines, Reproductive Toxicology publishes timely, original research on the influence of chemical and physical agents on reproduction. Written by and for obstetricians, pediatricians, embryologists, teratologists, geneticists, toxicologists, andrologists, and others interested in detecting potential reproductive hazards, the journal is a forum for communication among researchers and practitioners. Articles focus on the application of in vitro, animal and clinical research to the practice of clinical medicine.
All aspects of reproduction are within the scope of Reproductive Toxicology, including the formation and maturation of male and female gametes, sexual function, the events surrounding the fusion of gametes and the development of the fertilized ovum, nourishment and transport of the conceptus within the genital tract, implantation, embryogenesis, intrauterine growth, placentation and placental function, parturition, lactation and neonatal survival. Adverse reproductive effects in males will be considered as significant as adverse effects occurring in females. To provide a balanced presentation of approaches, equal emphasis will be given to clinical and animal or in vitro work. Typical end points that will be studied by contributors include infertility, sexual dysfunction, spontaneous abortion, malformations, abnormal histogenesis, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, behavioral abnormalities, and perinatal mortality.