Sunlight-Driven Mechanoluminescent Composite Coating Materials Based on Trap Modulation for Stress Sensing

Nighttime driving safety is a key focus in transportation research due to accidents caused by drivers' inability to clearly see road obstacles, leading to delayed or incorrect decisions. To address this, the use of mechanoluminescent materials on surfaces like roads and buildings offers a potential solution for better object contour detection in poor visibility. This study investigates the use of SrAl₂O₄ as a phosphor matrix, exploring its luminescence characteristics and the effects of doping with Eu²⁺ and Dy³⁺. The optimal doping ratios were determined to be 2% Eu and 1% Dy by trap modulation, producing phosphors with significant mechanical luminescence and a prolonged afterglow. Spectroscopic analysis and image assessment demonstrated a visible afterglow lasting up to 60 minutes, along with impressive mechanical luminescence performance. By combining the developed SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ phosphor-based coating with polydimethylsiloxane, a real-time surface stress sensing system was devised utilizing digital camera and other optical sensors. This advancement facilitates the visualization of stresses in complex or confined environments, potentially improving nighttime driving safety through enhanced object contour detection.