Organic electrochemical neurons for neuromorphic perception

Neuromorphic sensing and processing has the potential to be used to create bioelectronic and robotic systems that perceive, respond and adapt to environmental changes accurately and swiftly. However, the reliance on silicon or other inorganic materials as the basis for artificial neurons in neuromorphic sensors restricts the flexibility, biocompatibility and multisensory capabilities of such systems. Here we explore the potential of organic electrochemical neurons based on organic electrochemical transistors for neuromorphic sensing and perception. We examine how neurons and systems based on organic electrochemical transistors can emulate the sensory principles of living organisms and consider the strengths and weaknesses of organic electrochemical neuron technology in mimicking biological principles. We also outline strategies for advancing the technology at the level of materials, devices, circuits and systems. This Perspective explores the potential of organic electrochemical neurons, which are based on organic electrochemical transistors, in the development of adaptable and biointegrable neuromorphic event-based sensing applications.