Thermodynamic and surface active investigations of aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in presence of builders: sequestration of Ca2+ ions and interaction with H2O2

The current investigation examines the micellization process of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in aqueous media with builders at temperatures ranging from 298.15 K to 313.15 K. Using conductometry and tensiometry analyses, the study examines changes in micellar properties in different surfactant solutions, focusing primarily on CMC. Additionally, the variation of CMC with temperature was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as ∆ G m ° , Δ H m ° , ${{\increment}G}_{\mathrm{m}}^{{}^{\circ}},{\Delta }{H}_{\mathrm{m}}^{{}^{\circ}}\text{,}$ and ∆ S m ° ${{\increment}S}_{\mathrm{m}}^{{}^{\circ}}$ . This approach provides valuable insights into the behavior of the surfactant and the different intermolecular interactions involved in the system. The different surface active parameters π CMC, A min, and Γ max were elucidated using tensiometry via the Wilhelmy plate technique. Moreover, the capacity of the builder to sequester calcium ions was studied using a well-established titration method, offering valuable insights into their effectiveness. Their efficiency under oxidative conditions, particularly in preventing the interaction between copper ions and hydrogen peroxide, was evaluated. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of different builders when used with the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Their combination provides improved efficiency in protecting metals from corrosion, extracting heavy metals from polluted soils, and in personal care products such as shampoos and soaps.