Palm fatty acid distillates can be used to produce fatty alcohol sulphates. The sodium hexadecyl sulphate (SHS) of the C16 fatty acid thus formed has a high Krafft point which limits its use in applications. Here we propose the use of C16 sulphate mixed with the amphoteric lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB). The solubility of SHS in LAPB was determined and mixtures of the two were prepared to the extent of their solubility. The interfacial properties of the surfactant mixtures were investigated. The CMC of the surfactant mixtures was determined using dye solubilisation. The performance properties of the mixtures, such as foaming and viscosity, were analysed. It was concluded that the addition of even small amounts of SHS to LAPB causes a significant change in its CMC, although the performance properties of LAPB in terms of foaming and viscosity are maintained.
{"title":"The effect of addition of sodium hexadecyl sulfate on the performance properties of lauramidopropyl betaine","authors":"Akshaya Ravindra Chavan, Sunil S. Bhagwat","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2586","url":null,"abstract":"Palm fatty acid distillates can be used to produce fatty alcohol sulphates. The sodium hexadecyl sulphate (SHS) of the C<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> fatty acid thus formed has a high Krafft point which limits its use in applications. Here we propose the use of C<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> sulphate mixed with the amphoteric lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB). The solubility of SHS in LAPB was determined and mixtures of the two were prepared to the extent of their solubility. The interfacial properties of the surfactant mixtures were investigated. The CMC of the surfactant mixtures was determined using dye solubilisation. The performance properties of the mixtures, such as foaming and viscosity, were analysed. It was concluded that the addition of even small amounts of SHS to LAPB causes a significant change in its CMC, although the performance properties of LAPB in terms of foaming and viscosity are maintained.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structures and properties of different polyamide-11 (PA11) and organically modified Algerian clay nanobiocomposite systems are investigated in this work. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the potential of modified Algerian clay as a nanofiller by studying of the properties of PA11/Mag-CTA nanobiocomposites with different levels of prepared fillers. Considering the different techniques used, the results show the full potential of the modified Algerian clay, with improvements in both thermal and mechanical properties after incorporation of the nanofiller (Mag-CTA). The intercalated and exfoliated morphology of the developed PA11 nanobiocomposites is demonstrated by the results of the different techniques used. The results indicate that the modified clay has a more significant impact on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the material than virgin polyamide-11 (PA11) at an equivalent rate of incorporation and low concentration. The optimal loading rate is estimated to be between 3 % and 5 % based on clay mass (Mag-CTA).
{"title":"Improvement in the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of polyamide-11 (PA11) nanobiocomposite films as a result of the influence of the composition and type of nanofiller","authors":"Zoulikha Khiati, Abdelmoumin Mezrai, Lahouari Mrah","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2616","url":null,"abstract":"The structures and properties of different polyamide-11 (PA11) and organically modified Algerian clay nanobiocomposite systems are investigated in this work. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the potential of modified Algerian clay as a nanofiller by studying of the properties of PA11/Mag-CTA nanobiocomposites with different levels of prepared fillers. Considering the different techniques used, the results show the full potential of the modified Algerian clay, with improvements in both thermal and mechanical properties after incorporation of the nanofiller (Mag-CTA). The intercalated and exfoliated morphology of the developed PA11 nanobiocomposites is demonstrated by the results of the different techniques used. The results indicate that the modified clay has a more significant impact on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the material than virgin polyamide-11 (PA11) at an equivalent rate of incorporation and low concentration. The optimal loading rate is estimated to be between 3 % and 5 % based on clay mass (Mag-CTA).","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The trimeric cetyl cationic surfactant (TGC) forms reversible photosensitive micelle systems with the photosensitive counterions trans-4-phenylazo benzoic acid (trans-ACA). The Carreau-Yasuda model was used for the flow curves before and after UV irradiation. The effects of trans-ACA concentration, TGC concentration, and different durations of UV (365 nm) and visible light (465 nm) irradiation on the rheological properties of TGC/trans-ACA were investigated. Prior to UV irradiation, the TGC/trans-ACA system was composed of wormlike micelles, which showed pronounced shear thinning behavior, good thixotropy and viscoelasticity. Macroscopically, it appears as a difficult to flow solution. After UV irradiation, trans-ACA is isomerized to cis-ACA, and the worm-like micelles are transformed to spherical or short rod-like micelles, resulting in a significant decrease in thixotropy and viscoelasticity, and thus a decrease in viscosity and an increase in fluidity. At lower TGC concentrations, UV irradiation can induce a reversal of the rheological properties of the TGC/trans-ACA system, which exhibits a complete solution state. Exposure to visible light restores the rheology of the system to that prior to UV irradiation. Under UV and visible light irradiation at different times, the system obeys to the rheo-kinetic equation. The UV–vis spectrum confirms that the changes in the rheological properties of the TGC/trans-ACA system are due to the reversible photoisomerization of trans-ACA.
{"title":"Study on rheology of novel UV/visible light sensitive trimeric cationic surfactant/trans-4-phenylazo benzoic acid micelle system","authors":"Xiaoyang Han, Yudie Li, Bo Fang, Wenting Xu","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2590","url":null,"abstract":"The trimeric cetyl cationic surfactant (TGC) forms reversible photosensitive micelle systems with the photosensitive counterions <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-4-phenylazo benzoic acid (<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA). The Carreau-Yasuda model was used for the flow curves before and after UV irradiation. The effects of <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA concentration, TGC concentration, and different durations of UV (365 nm) and visible light (465 nm) irradiation on the rheological properties of TGC/<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA were investigated. Prior to UV irradiation, the TGC/<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA system was composed of wormlike micelles, which showed pronounced shear thinning behavior, good thixotropy and viscoelasticity. Macroscopically, it appears as a difficult to flow solution. After UV irradiation, <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA is isomerized to <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>-ACA, and the worm-like micelles are transformed to spherical or short rod-like micelles, resulting in a significant decrease in thixotropy and viscoelasticity, and thus a decrease in viscosity and an increase in fluidity. At lower TGC concentrations, UV irradiation can induce a reversal of the rheological properties of the TGC/<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA system, which exhibits a complete solution state. Exposure to visible light restores the rheology of the system to that prior to UV irradiation. Under UV and visible light irradiation at different times, the system obeys to the rheo-kinetic equation. The UV–vis spectrum confirms that the changes in the rheological properties of the TGC/<jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA system are due to the reversible photoisomerization of <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-ACA.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In view of the simultaneous demand for surfactants and corrosion inhibitors in oilfield production, new surfactants with both low interfacial tension and corrosion inhibition function were successfully prepared in this work by amidation and carboxymethylation using fatty acids and amines as raw materials. The interfacial tension of the surfactant was investigated using a rotational interfacial tensiometer, and the critical micelle concentration was determined. The corrosion inhibition properties of the dual-functional agents were measured by weight loss experiments, electrochemical tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the prepared surfactants exhibited interfacial tension as low as 10−2 mN m−1. The dual-functional surfactants possessed both low interfacial tension and promising corrosion inhibition effects. Electrochemical tests and SEM analysis showed that an adsorption layer preventing corrosion was formed on the surface of A3 steel. The adsorption of the dual-functional surfactants followed the Langmuir isotherm. The experimental data were also supported by quantum calculations.
{"title":"Synthesis and performance study of a new surfactant with corrosion inhibition function","authors":"Jingwen Yang, Bo Liu, Zuoming Chen, Weiyun Luo, Yefei Wang, Qiongwei Li, Ying Tang","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2604","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the simultaneous demand for surfactants and corrosion inhibitors in oilfield production, new surfactants with both low interfacial tension and corrosion inhibition function were successfully prepared in this work by amidation and carboxymethylation using fatty acids and amines as raw materials. The interfacial tension of the surfactant was investigated using a rotational interfacial tensiometer, and the critical micelle concentration was determined. The corrosion inhibition properties of the dual-functional agents were measured by weight loss experiments, electrochemical tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the prepared surfactants exhibited interfacial tension as low as 10<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> mN m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The dual-functional surfactants possessed both low interfacial tension and promising corrosion inhibition effects. Electrochemical tests and SEM analysis showed that an adsorption layer preventing corrosion was formed on the surface of A3 steel. The adsorption of the dual-functional surfactants followed the Langmuir isotherm. The experimental data were also supported by quantum calculations.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps (caprylate) have been studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analyses in the solid state. The infrared analysis indicates that the fatty acid is present in a dimeric form due to interactions facilitated by hydrogen bonding. Additionally, it suggests that the soaps have properties of a partially ionic nature. The X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the long spacing, confirming the double-layered configuration of the cadmium and neodymium soaps. It was observed that the decomposition reaction proceeds with zero order kinetics, indicating a constant reaction rate regardless of changes in concentration. Furthermore, the activation energy for this process was determined to be 0.401 kJ mol−1 and 0.226 kJ mol−1, respectively A comparative evaluation of the different analytical methods is provided, highlighting the distinct advantages of each method, at the same time delineating the limitations identified through careful study of reference materials and their practical application in sample analysis contexts.
{"title":"Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state","authors":"Suchi Singh, Kavita Poonia, Rajeev K. Shukla","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2599","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps (caprylate) have been studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analyses in the solid state. The infrared analysis indicates that the fatty acid is present in a dimeric form due to interactions facilitated by hydrogen bonding. Additionally, it suggests that the soaps have properties of a partially ionic nature. The X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the long spacing, confirming the double-layered configuration of the cadmium and neodymium soaps. It was observed that the decomposition reaction proceeds with zero order kinetics, indicating a constant reaction rate regardless of changes in concentration. Furthermore, the activation energy for this process was determined to be 0.401 kJ mol<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 0.226 kJ mol<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively A comparative evaluation of the different analytical methods is provided, highlighting the distinct advantages of each method, at the same time delineating the limitations identified through careful study of reference materials and their practical application in sample analysis contexts.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bharti Naik, Susmita S. Paranjpe, Chandu S. Madankar
The molecules of Gemini surfactants are dimeric and consist of two monomeric surfactant units linked by a spacer. Among them, cationic Gemini surfactants have a wide range of application in various industrial sectors such as pharmaceuticals, home and personal care, corrosion inhibition, etc. Various methods of synthesis have been investigated and tested for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants. The surface properties of Gemini surfactants are highly dependent on various factors like spacer, headgroups, counterions, etc. The cationic Gemini surfactants have lower CMC values as compared to their monomeric analogues. This review highlights the different methods for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants and the applications of these surfactants in different fields are presented.
{"title":"Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications","authors":"Bharti Naik, Susmita S. Paranjpe, Chandu S. Madankar","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2585","url":null,"abstract":"The molecules of Gemini surfactants are dimeric and consist of two monomeric surfactant units linked by a spacer. Among them, cationic Gemini surfactants have a wide range of application in various industrial sectors such as pharmaceuticals, home and personal care, corrosion inhibition, etc. Various methods of synthesis have been investigated and tested for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants. The surface properties of Gemini surfactants are highly dependent on various factors like spacer, headgroups, counterions, etc. The cationic Gemini surfactants have lower CMC values as compared to their monomeric analogues. This review highlights the different methods for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants and the applications of these surfactants in different fields are presented.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Petry, Cindy Chhuon, Paul Clohessy, Gerd Hüttmann, Gerard Luijkx, Felix Rustemeyer, Jan Robinson
The implementation of the EU CLP Regulation for mixtures in 2015 led to a reduction of the cut-off levels for mixtures containing severely irritating or corrosive ingredients. As a result, most everyday detergents would be required to carry the same corrosive pictogram on the label as caustic or highly acidic specialty cleaners. However, in most cases, calculation-derived skin and eye hazard classifications do not reflect in-market experience and consumer understanding of the hazardous properties of household detergents. The detergent industry responded to this situation by forming the Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’. It is a transparent process that supports mixture classification decisions by sharing data, expertise, and best practices between manufacturers of detergent and cleaning products. At the core of DetNet is its database providing access to compositional information and toxicological data on more than 240 detergents and cleaning products. This paper describes and discusses the main features of DetNet, its organisational structure and database. Based on a case study, the process and functioning of DetNet to support a scientifically sound classification of an untested mixture for skin and eye effects based on data available for similar mixtures is demonstrated.
{"title":"The EU Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’ – an industry approach for the EU CLP classification of detergent and cleaning products for skin and eye effects","authors":"Thomas Petry, Cindy Chhuon, Paul Clohessy, Gerd Hüttmann, Gerard Luijkx, Felix Rustemeyer, Jan Robinson","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2605","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the EU CLP Regulation for mixtures in 2015 led to a reduction of the cut-off levels for mixtures containing severely irritating or corrosive ingredients. As a result, most everyday detergents would be required to carry the same corrosive pictogram on the label as caustic or highly acidic specialty cleaners. However, in most cases, calculation-derived skin and eye hazard classifications do not reflect in-market experience and consumer understanding of the hazardous properties of household detergents. The detergent industry responded to this situation by forming the Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’. It is a transparent process that supports mixture classification decisions by sharing data, expertise, and best practices between manufacturers of detergent and cleaning products. At the core of DetNet is its database providing access to compositional information and toxicological data on more than 240 detergents and cleaning products. This paper describes and discusses the main features of DetNet, its organisational structure and database. Based on a case study, the process and functioning of DetNet to support a scientifically sound classification of an untested mixture for skin and eye effects based on data available for similar mixtures is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alişan Güzeloğlu, Ajaya Bhattarai, Hanna Wilczura-Wachnik
The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements have been performed on quercetin with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT, AOT), Triton X-100 in 1,4-dioxane, as well as on the solutions containing water in the core of suitable reversed micelles; the water amount was calculated using the relation R = [H2O]/[surfactant], defining the ratio of water to surfactant concentration. The amount of quercetin in the studied systems as well as the effects of the water presence on the size of the micelles and diffusion effects were discussed. A significant effect of the research was the determination of the maximum amount of water that can be introduced into the AOT micelles in the studied systems.
我们对槲皮素与磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐（AOT）、1,4-二氧六环中的 Triton X-100，以及在合适的反向胶束核心中含有水的溶液进行了动态光散射（DLS）测量；水量的计算采用 R = [H2O]/[surfactant] 的关系式，即水与表面活性剂浓度的比值。研究讨论了所研究体系中的槲皮素含量以及水的存在对胶束大小和扩散效应的影响。研究的一个重要成果是确定了所研究体系中 AOT 胶束可引入的最大水量。
{"title":"Dynamic light scattering study on quercetin/surfactant/solvent system","authors":"Alişan Güzeloğlu, Ajaya Bhattarai, Hanna Wilczura-Wachnik","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2596","url":null,"abstract":"The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements have been performed on quercetin with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT, AOT), Triton X-100 in 1,4-dioxane, as well as on the solutions containing water in the core of suitable reversed micelles; the water amount was calculated using the relation <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> = [H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O]/[surfactant], defining the ratio of water to surfactant concentration. The amount of quercetin in the studied systems as well as the effects of the water presence on the size of the micelles and diffusion effects were discussed. A significant effect of the research was the determination of the maximum amount of water that can be introduced into the AOT micelles in the studied systems.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The release of the dye Disperse Blue 35 (DB35) into water has serious environmental and health consequences, due to its toxicity and resistance to degradation. This paper investigates the effectiveness of cloud point extraction (CPE) to remove this industrial dye from aqueous solution by Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114, two environmentally friendly nonionic surfactants. First, the partial phase diagrams of the water–surfactant binary systems are constructed. Then, the effects of pollutants, sodium sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the cloud point temperature (Tc) are determined. The experimental results are expressed by four responses: Extraction efficiency (E), residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (Xs,w and Xt,w, respectively) and the volume fraction of coacervate (Фc). An empirical smoothing method was applied. For each parameter, the results obtained were modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM) and represented on three-dimensional diagrams. The results show that the efficiency of dye extraction with Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114 at a concentration of 6 wt% is about 95 % and 82 %, respectively. The influence of salt and ionic surfactant on the effectiveness of CPE for the removal of DB 35 dye was determined. The regeneration of surfactant was only achieved by pH adjustment.
{"title":"Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration","authors":"Houaria Benkhedja, Halima Ghouas, Abedelkader Benderrag, Boumediene Haddou","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2592","url":null,"abstract":"The release of the dye Disperse Blue 35 (DB35) into water has serious environmental and health consequences, due to its toxicity and resistance to degradation. This paper investigates the effectiveness of cloud point extraction (CPE) to remove this industrial dye from aqueous solution by Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114, two environmentally friendly nonionic surfactants. First, the partial phase diagrams of the water–surfactant binary systems are constructed. Then, the effects of pollutants, sodium sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the cloud point temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>c</jats:sub>) are determined. The experimental results are expressed by four responses: Extraction efficiency (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>), residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (<jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s,w</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>t,w</jats:sub>, respectively) and the volume fraction of coacervate (<jats:italic>Ф</jats:italic> <jats:sub>c</jats:sub>). An empirical smoothing method was applied. For each parameter, the results obtained were modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM) and represented on three-dimensional diagrams. The results show that the efficiency of dye extraction with Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114 at a concentration of 6 wt% is about 95 % and 82 %, respectively. The influence of salt and ionic surfactant on the effectiveness of CPE for the removal of DB 35 dye was determined. The regeneration of surfactant was only achieved by pH adjustment.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Branched-chain surfactants have lower equilibrium surface tension, superior wettability and emulsifying performance, making them suitable for exclusive applications. Linear α-olefins are rich in coal-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesized liquid products and are promising building blocks for the synthesis of branched-chain surfactants via dimerization and subsequent C=C bond functionalization. Herein, a new series of branched ethoxylate non-ionic surfactants (MDC6En) were prepared using 2-butyl-1-octene (1-hexene dimer, DC6), obtained by the dimerization of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesized 1-hexene, as the hydrophobe via hydroxylation and ethoxylation. In particular, the hydroxylation of DC6 was carried out in a one-pot tandem hydroformylation and hydrogenation over unmodified Co2(CO)8 under mild conditions (140 °C and 4–8 MPa, CO:H2 = 1:1). A thorough investigation of their surfactant properties was carried out, including equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, foaming properties, wetting power, and emulsifying power. The results indicate that MDC6E9 performs comparably to a commercially available branched-chain surfactants, the iso-tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates (MULTISO 1390). This research provides a new direction for the synthesis of branched nonionic surfactants using Fischer–Tropsch synthesized products, further promoting the development of coal-based fine chemicals.
{"title":"Hydroformylation of branched olefins catalyzed by Co2(CO)8 for synthesis of branched alcohol ethoxylates and their surfactant properties","authors":"Jiawei Zhai, Zexiang Bi, Geng Chen, Xu Li, Jinxiang Dong","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2024-2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2598","url":null,"abstract":"Branched-chain surfactants have lower equilibrium surface tension, superior wettability and emulsifying performance, making them suitable for exclusive applications. Linear <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-olefins are rich in coal-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesized liquid products and are promising building blocks for the synthesis of branched-chain surfactants via dimerization and subsequent C=C bond functionalization. Herein, a new series of branched ethoxylate non-ionic surfactants (MDC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>E<jats:sub> <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> </jats:sub>) were prepared using 2-butyl-1-octene (1-hexene dimer, DC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>), obtained by the dimerization of coal-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesized 1-hexene, as the hydrophobe via hydroxylation and ethoxylation. In particular, the hydroxylation of DC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> was carried out in a one-pot tandem hydroformylation and hydrogenation over unmodified Co<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO)<jats:sub>8</jats:sub> under mild conditions (140 °C and 4–8 MPa, CO:H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> = 1:1). A thorough investigation of their surfactant properties was carried out, including equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, foaming properties, wetting power, and emulsifying power. The results indicate that MDC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>E<jats:sub>9</jats:sub> performs comparably to a commercially available branched-chain surfactants, the iso-tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates (MULTISO 1390). This research provides a new direction for the synthesis of branched nonionic surfactants using Fischer–Tropsch synthesized products, further promoting the development of coal-based fine chemicals.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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