Study on Cracking/Oxidation/Integrated Reforming Reaction for Efficient Conversion of Biomass to High-Quality Syngas

The advanced gasification technology of coal is mainly based on oxidation reaction and high temperature but is not suitable for biomass conversion. High tar and CO₂ content are the two main issues that affect the efficiency of biomass gasification. In order to deeply convert hydrocarbons/tar and CO₂ simultaneously, and enhance syngas yield, the cracking/partial oxidation/reforming reactions and their integrated reaction routes are investigated from an interrelated view. The effects of each reaction on the distribution of C/H elements in hydrocarbons/tar and syngas are illustrated. By cracking and oxidation reaction, the syngas yield can only reach 0.93 Nm³ kg⁻¹, about 58 % of the theoretical maximum value; a large proportion of residual C/H atoms existing in stable hydrocarbons/tar/CO₂/H₂O are not converted. Based on the concept of lattice O oxidation combined with dry reforming, it realizes syngas yield (CO+H₂) 1.56 Nm³ kg⁻¹ with 91.6 % concentration, demonstrating that tar/hydrocarbons and CO₂/H₂O are converted to syngas efficiently. The effects of [O]/C ratio on gas yield represent a synergistic coordination between lattice Os oxidation and catalytic reforming reaction. Oxidation-reforming is the optimum route for biomass conversion to high-quality syngas.