Mastering complexity in Life Cycle Assessment for product development: Evaluating the impacts of adaptive façades

Adaptive façades, which can manipulate the physical properties of buildings, represent a promising approach to reducing the environmental impacts of buildings, which are usually assessed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. However, the inclusion of additional fields of engineering with their corresponding simulation tools and inclusion of additional adaptive components in building designs leads to an increased number of possible design configurations – in the order of several millions – as well as stronger dependencies between the design and the use phase. This paper proposes a workflow to automatically generating, analysing and evaluating LCA results of all potential configurations within a defined parameter space. It combines and processes data from multiple sources, including process-based LCA models, generic LCA databases, and simulation tools. Various methods for combining and analysing the data are provided in the form of parameter sensitivity and statistical evaluations as well as visualisations. Depending on the area of interest, dynamic benchmarks can be derived and visualised. The results can be structured according to the life cycle phases and exported in common spreadsheet formats. This enables comparison to other LCA results and ensures seamless integration in existing reporting structures. The primary beneficiaries are LCA experts who require ex-ante evaluations for (building) products with a large number of potential configurations and complex interactions between the design and use phases. Identifying hotspots and assessing the sensitivity of parameters at an early stage of product development enables product designers to consider environmental aspects and optimise the product in this respect.