2019 年美国可归因于潜在可改变风险因素的癌症病例和死亡病例的比例和数量。

IF 503.1 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.3322/caac.21858
Farhad Islami MD, PhD, Emily C. Marlow PhD, Blake Thomson DPhil, MPhil, Marjorie L. McCullough ScD, RD, Harriet Rumgay PhD, Susan M. Gapstur PhD, MPH, Alpa V. Patel PhD, Isabelle Soerjomataram MD, PhD, MSc, Ahmedin Jemal DVM, PhD
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2018 年,作者报告了美国 2014 年可归因于潜在可改变风险因素的癌症数量和比例的估计值。这些数据有助于倡导癌症预防和控制并为其提供信息。在此,作者根据最新的相对风险和癌症发生率数据,估算了2019年美国30岁及以上成年人中,可归因于潜在可改变风险因素的浸润性癌症病例(不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌)和死亡病例的比例和数量。这些因素包括吸烟、二手烟、体重超标、饮酒、食用红肉和加工肉类、水果和蔬菜、膳食纤维和膳食钙摄入量低、缺乏运动、紫外线辐射以及七种致癌感染。癌症病例和死亡人数来自覆盖全国的数据源、全国代表性调查得出的风险因素流行率估计值,以及已发表的大规模汇总分析或荟萃分析得出的相关癌症相对风险系数。2019年,在美国30岁及以上成年人中,估计有40.0%(1,781,649人中的713,340人)的癌症发病率(不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌)和44.0%(595,737人中的262,120人)的癌症死亡率可归因于所评估的风险因素。吸烟是导致癌症病例和死亡的首要风险因素(分别为 19.3% 和 28.5%),其次是超重(分别为 7.6% 和 7.3%)和饮酒(分别为 5.4% 和 4.1%)。在 30 种被评估的癌症类型中,有 19 种癌症的病例和死亡人数的一半以上可归因于本研究中考虑的潜在可改变风险因素。肺癌的病例数(201,660 例)和死亡数(122,740 例)最高,其次是女性乳腺癌(83,840 例)、皮肤黑色素瘤(82,710 例)和结直肠癌(78,440 例),死亡数依次为结直肠癌(25,800 例死亡)、肝癌(14,720 例)和食道癌(13,600 例)。在美国,大量癌症病例和死亡病例可归因于潜在的可改变风险因素,这凸显了通过广泛而公平地实施预防措施来大幅减轻癌症负担的潜力。
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Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States, 2019

In 2018, the authors reported estimates of the number and proportion of cancers attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in 2014 in the United States. These data are useful for advocating for and informing cancer prevention and control. Herein, based on up-to-date relative risk and cancer occurrence data, the authors estimated the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and deaths, overall and for 30 cancer types among adults who were aged 30 years and older in 2019 in the United States, that were attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. These included cigarette smoking; second-hand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol consumption; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and seven carcinogenic infections. Numbers of cancer cases and deaths were obtained from data sources with complete national coverage, risk factor prevalence estimates from nationally representative surveys, and associated relative risks of cancer from published large-scale pooled or meta-analyses. In 2019, an estimated 40.0% (713,340 of 1,781,649) of all incident cancers (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 44.0% (262,120 of 595,737) of all cancer deaths in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States were attributable to the evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking was the leading risk factor contributing to cancer cases and deaths overall (19.3% and 28.5%, respectively), followed by excess body weight (7.6% and 7.3%, respectively), and alcohol consumption (5.4% and 4.1%, respectively). For 19 of 30 evaluated cancer types, more than one half of the cancer cases and deaths were attributable to the potentially modifiable risk factors considered in this study. Lung cancer had the highest number of cancer cases (201,660) and deaths (122,740) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by female breast cancer (83,840 cases), skin melanoma (82,710), and colorectal cancer (78,440) for attributable cases and by colorectal (25,800 deaths), liver (14,720), and esophageal (13,600) cancer for attributable deaths. Large numbers of cancer cases and deaths in the United States are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors, underscoring the potential to substantially reduce the cancer burden through broad and equitable implementation of preventive initiatives.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
873.20
自引率
0.10%
发文量
51
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians" has been published by the American Cancer Society since 1950, making it one of the oldest peer-reviewed journals in oncology. It maintains the highest impact factor among all ISI-ranked journals. The journal effectively reaches a broad and diverse audience of health professionals, offering a unique platform to disseminate information on cancer prevention, early detection, various treatment modalities, palliative care, advocacy matters, quality-of-life topics, and more. As the premier journal of the American Cancer Society, it publishes mission-driven content that significantly influences patient care.
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