Graphical Arduino IDE system with wiring layout and flowchart functions for physical computing education

Arduino, a widely used tool for physical computing, is favored for its affordability and easy availability. However, a drawback for beginners is the requirement of prior knowledge of C programming language and circuit theory for effectively utilizing Arduino. In this research, we address this issue by developing a Graphical Arduino IDE system that allows users to control Arduino without the need for prior knowledge of C language and circuit theory. Users can create node graph‐based scripts in the Wiring Tab of the Graphical Arduino IDE and develop flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The scripts created in the Wiring Tab serve as guidelines for wiring, thus preventing users from making wiring mistakes. Additionally, users without knowledge of C language can control Arduino by creating flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The finalized scripts are converted into Arduino code and uploaded to the Arduino board using the built‐in Code Upload feature. Finally, a paired t test was conducted between the Graphical Arduino IDE and Scratch for Arduino, confirming that the Graphical Arduino IDE required fewer user inputs.