在日益变暖的地球上提高体力生产率和工作表现--减轻劳累性热应激的挑战和营养策略。

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00554-8
Alan J McCubbin, Christopher G Irwin, Ricardo J S Costa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述目的:据预测,气候变化将增加暴露在炎热环境中的频率和严重程度。这可能会损害职业和运动环境中活跃人群的健康、体能表现和工作效率。本综述总结了营养策略方面的现有知识和最新进展,以最大限度地减少劳累性热应激(EHS)的影响。最新发现:水合策略可将体重损失限制在 60-80% 的范围内。摄入冰块可降低核心体温,在活动前摄入冰块可改善热舒适度和运动表现。预防和处理 EHS 期间的胃肠道紊乱应侧重于在运动前和运动中提供高碳水化合物但低 FODMAP 的食物,在运动中频繁提供碳水化合物和/或蛋白质,充分补充水分以及调节体温。这些方法在职业环境中还缺乏证据。急性肾损伤是职业健康和安全期间及之后因液体补充不足而导致的潜在问题,而且新的证据表明,反复暴露可能会增加罹患慢性肾病的风险。营养策略可帮助调节 EHS 期间的水合作用、体温和肠胃状态。这样做可以最大限度地减少 EHS 对健康和安全的影响,并在地球变暖的情况下优化生产率和绩效成果。
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Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of exposure to hot environments. This can impair health, physical performance, and productivity for active individuals in occupational and athletic settings. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advancements in nutritional strategies to minimize the impact of exertional-heat stress (EHS). RECENT FINDINGS: Hydration strategies limiting body mass loss to < 3% during EHS are performance-beneficial in weight-supported activities, although evidence regarding smaller fluid deficits (< 2% body mass loss) and weight-dependent activities is less clear due to a lack of well-designed studies with adequate blinding. Sodium replacement requirements during EHS depends on both sweat losses and the extent of fluid replacement, with quantified sodium replacement only necessary once fluid replacement > 60-80% of losses. Ice ingestion lowers core temperature and may improve thermal comfort and performance outcomes when consumed before, but less so during activity. Prevention and management of gastrointestinal disturbances during EHS should focus on high carbohydrate but low FODMAP availability before and during exercise, frequent provision of carbohydrate and/or protein during exercise, adequate hydration, and body temperature regulation. Evidence for these approaches is lacking in occupational settings. Acute kidney injury is a potential concern resulting from inadequate fluid replacement during and post-EHS, and emerging evidence suggests that repeated exposures may increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Nutritional strategies can help regulate hydration, body temperature, and gastrointestinal status during EHS. Doing so minimizes the impact of EHS on health and safety and optimizes productivity and performance outcomes on a warming planet.

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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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