Shenghui Lou , Shengda Wang , Lu Zhang , Li Ma , Jie Liu , Tao Tang
{"title":"季铵盐修饰的磷钼酸盐对提高环氧树脂/二乙基膦酸铝复合材料阻燃性和抗菌特性的影响","authors":"Shenghui Lou , Shengda Wang , Lu Zhang , Li Ma , Jie Liu , Tao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110914","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we synthesized a series of compounds, denoted as xCTAB@AMP, by incorporating varying different molar fractions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP). The effects of CTAB modification on the surface characteristics, morphology and hygroscopicity of AMP were studied. Moreover, we explored the combined flame-retardant impact between xCTAB@AMP and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) when incorporated into epoxy resin (EP), as well as the resulting composite's mechanical properties, thermal stability and antibacterial properties. The EP composite containing 50 molar percent CTAB-modified AMP (EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP) demonstrated remarkable flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating and increasing limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 30.0%. This formulation significantly lowered the peak heat release rate (PHRR) to 452 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, a 65% reduction to that of EP, and the total heat release (THR) to 68 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, a 24% decrease to that of EP. Additionally, compared to EP, the peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of this composite was decreased by 30% (0.28 m<sup>2</sup>/s), the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 25% (30.2 m<sup>2</sup>), and peak carbon monoxide release rate (PCOP) was diminished by 34% (0.038 g/s). The combination of 50CTAB@AMP and ADP in the EP matrix exhibited an exceptional synergistic flame-retardant effect. Concurrently, the CTAB modification bolstered the interfacial interactions between AMP and the EP matrix, which enhanced the mechanical properties of EP/AMP/ADP composites. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite increased by 13% and 15%, respectively, compared to the EP/AMP/ADP. Moreover, the 50CTAB@AMP maintained its inherent antibacterial activity, which endowed the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite with a potent inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogenic bacterium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of phosphomolybdate modified with quaternary ammonium salts on enhancing the flame retardancy and antibacterial characteristics of epoxy resin/aluminum diethylphosphinate composites\",\"authors\":\"Shenghui Lou , Shengda Wang , Lu Zhang , Li Ma , Jie Liu , Tao Tang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110914\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In this work, we synthesized a series of compounds, denoted as xCTAB@AMP, by incorporating varying different molar fractions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP). The effects of CTAB modification on the surface characteristics, morphology and hygroscopicity of AMP were studied. Moreover, we explored the combined flame-retardant impact between xCTAB@AMP and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) when incorporated into epoxy resin (EP), as well as the resulting composite's mechanical properties, thermal stability and antibacterial properties. The EP composite containing 50 molar percent CTAB-modified AMP (EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP) demonstrated remarkable flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating and increasing limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 30.0%. This formulation significantly lowered the peak heat release rate (PHRR) to 452 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, a 65% reduction to that of EP, and the total heat release (THR) to 68 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, a 24% decrease to that of EP. Additionally, compared to EP, the peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of this composite was decreased by 30% (0.28 m<sup>2</sup>/s), the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 25% (30.2 m<sup>2</sup>), and peak carbon monoxide release rate (PCOP) was diminished by 34% (0.038 g/s). The combination of 50CTAB@AMP and ADP in the EP matrix exhibited an exceptional synergistic flame-retardant effect. Concurrently, the CTAB modification bolstered the interfacial interactions between AMP and the EP matrix, which enhanced the mechanical properties of EP/AMP/ADP composites. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite increased by 13% and 15%, respectively, compared to the EP/AMP/ADP. Moreover, the 50CTAB@AMP maintained its inherent antibacterial activity, which endowed the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite with a potent inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogenic bacterium.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":406,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Polymer Degradation and Stability\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Polymer Degradation and Stability\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391024002581\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"POLYMER SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391024002581","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Influence of phosphomolybdate modified with quaternary ammonium salts on enhancing the flame retardancy and antibacterial characteristics of epoxy resin/aluminum diethylphosphinate composites
In this work, we synthesized a series of compounds, denoted as xCTAB@AMP, by incorporating varying different molar fractions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP). The effects of CTAB modification on the surface characteristics, morphology and hygroscopicity of AMP were studied. Moreover, we explored the combined flame-retardant impact between xCTAB@AMP and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) when incorporated into epoxy resin (EP), as well as the resulting composite's mechanical properties, thermal stability and antibacterial properties. The EP composite containing 50 molar percent CTAB-modified AMP (EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP) demonstrated remarkable flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating and increasing limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 30.0%. This formulation significantly lowered the peak heat release rate (PHRR) to 452 kW/m2, a 65% reduction to that of EP, and the total heat release (THR) to 68 MJ/m2, a 24% decrease to that of EP. Additionally, compared to EP, the peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of this composite was decreased by 30% (0.28 m2/s), the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 25% (30.2 m2), and peak carbon monoxide release rate (PCOP) was diminished by 34% (0.038 g/s). The combination of 50CTAB@AMP and ADP in the EP matrix exhibited an exceptional synergistic flame-retardant effect. Concurrently, the CTAB modification bolstered the interfacial interactions between AMP and the EP matrix, which enhanced the mechanical properties of EP/AMP/ADP composites. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite increased by 13% and 15%, respectively, compared to the EP/AMP/ADP. Moreover, the 50CTAB@AMP maintained its inherent antibacterial activity, which endowed the EP/50CTAB@AMP/ADP composite with a potent inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogenic bacterium.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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