Laser synthesis of oxide nanoparticles with controlled gas condensation

In this work, the oxide nanopowders of Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, Y₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, CeO₂, and SiO₂ were synthesized by CW CO₂ laser vaporization technique with controlled gas condensation in an inert atmosphere. Methods for controlling the size of the resulting nanoparticles by adjusting the gas composition and pressure during the vaporization process have been demonstrated. The potential for producing ultrasmall oxide nanoparticles with dimensions less than 5 nm has been shown. The size distribution of nanoparticles taken from different parts of the evaporation-condensation tract was studied using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy methods. The effect of synthesis conditions (pressure and composition of the inert gas) on characteristics of the nanoparticles is discussed. Using a wide class of simple oxides as the example, it is shown that the powders synthesized by the laser method consist of three types of particles: target spherical particles with a diameter of 3–20 nm (more than 98%), larger spherical particles with a diameter of 50–200 nm, and shapeless large particles with sizes more than 200 nm. The possibility of separating large particles from the main particles using the original labyrinth system for gas pumping is shown. The obtained particles with controlled sizes can be effectively used in various applications, in particular, for the preparation of catalysts and adsorbents.