Hepatitis C virus infection in Iran: A review of current prevalence and preventive strategies from a developing country

Despite recent efforts to control and eradicate the hepatitis C virus (HCV), Iran still faces significant gaps and challenges in HCV epidemiological data. Accurate prevalence estimates based on comprehensive and up-to-date evidence compilations are critical in eliminating the virus. We used a qualitative approach in summarizing the findings of the included studies. The prevalence of HCV is within the range of 1.26 % (1.02 - 1.56). The introduction of strict screening protocols for blood transfusions has significantly reduced the incidence of transfusion-related HCV transmission in recent years though unsafe injection practices, men who have sex with men (MSM), and injecting drug use are still the primary risk factors for transmission. Studies indicate that the predominant HCV genotype in the country is genotype 1a, closely followed by genotypes 3a and 1b. Population-based studies and comprehensive national HCV surveillance systems are lacking. More efforts are needed to ensure the sustainability of HCV screening and infection control programs in Iran.