南亚难民妇女和女童保护的宪法化

Roshni Shanker
{"title":"南亚难民妇女和女童保护的宪法化","authors":"Roshni Shanker","doi":"10.1093/ijrl/eeae019","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The South Asian region remains an epicentre of forced migration. Women comprise about half the region’s refugee population, and many are traumatized by sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced in their countries of origin and during flight. The 1951 Refugee Convention is not well ratified in the region and few States have developed domestic asylum laws, relying instead on ad hoc policies, core rule of law principles, and constitutional provisions to facilitate refugees’ access to essential legal protections. Many refugees in South Asia do not have a clear legal status, which can exacerbate rights violations, including SGBV. Over the years, through judicial activism, courts have developed a layered refugee law jurisprudence relying on criminal justice principles, executive orders, corresponding laws, and key international human rights treaties. These efforts have been complemented by the evolution of several formal and informal systems at the grassroots level, such as community-based dispute resolution mechanisms and State-run legal aid services, which have allowed refugee women and girls to access justice systems and seek redress. This article examines the legal strategies adopted by courts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India to uphold the rights of refugee women and girls and to protect survivors of SGBV, in particular.","PeriodicalId":45807,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Constitutionalizing Protection for Refugee Women and Girls in South Asia\",\"authors\":\"Roshni Shanker\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/ijrl/eeae019\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The South Asian region remains an epicentre of forced migration. Women comprise about half the region’s refugee population, and many are traumatized by sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced in their countries of origin and during flight. The 1951 Refugee Convention is not well ratified in the region and few States have developed domestic asylum laws, relying instead on ad hoc policies, core rule of law principles, and constitutional provisions to facilitate refugees’ access to essential legal protections. Many refugees in South Asia do not have a clear legal status, which can exacerbate rights violations, including SGBV. Over the years, through judicial activism, courts have developed a layered refugee law jurisprudence relying on criminal justice principles, executive orders, corresponding laws, and key international human rights treaties. These efforts have been complemented by the evolution of several formal and informal systems at the grassroots level, such as community-based dispute resolution mechanisms and State-run legal aid services, which have allowed refugee women and girls to access justice systems and seek redress. This article examines the legal strategies adopted by courts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India to uphold the rights of refugee women and girls and to protect survivors of SGBV, in particular.\",\"PeriodicalId\":45807,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Refugee Law\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Refugee Law\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeae019\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"LAW\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refugee Law","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeae019","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"LAW","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

南亚地区仍然是强迫移民的中心。妇女约占该地区难民人口的一半,其中许多人在原籍国和逃亡期间遭受性暴力和基于性别的暴力(SGBV)的创伤。该地区批准 1951 年《难民公约》的国家不多,制定国内庇护法的国家也很少,而是依靠临时政策、核心法治原则和宪法规定来帮助难民获得基本的法律保护。南亚的许多难民没有明确的法律地位,这可能会加剧包括性暴力和基于性别的暴力在内的侵权行为。多年来,通过司法能动性,法院依据刑事司法原则、行政命令、相应法律和重要的国际人权条约,形成了多层次的难民法判例。与这些努力相辅相成的是在基层发展起来的一些正式和非正式制度,如基于社区的争端解决机制和国家提供的法律援助服务,这些制度使难民妇女和女童能够诉诸司法系统并寻求补救。本文探讨了孟加拉国、巴基斯坦和印度法院为维护难民妇女和女童的权利,尤其是保护性暴力和基于性别的暴力幸存者所采取的法律策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Constitutionalizing Protection for Refugee Women and Girls in South Asia
The South Asian region remains an epicentre of forced migration. Women comprise about half the region’s refugee population, and many are traumatized by sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced in their countries of origin and during flight. The 1951 Refugee Convention is not well ratified in the region and few States have developed domestic asylum laws, relying instead on ad hoc policies, core rule of law principles, and constitutional provisions to facilitate refugees’ access to essential legal protections. Many refugees in South Asia do not have a clear legal status, which can exacerbate rights violations, including SGBV. Over the years, through judicial activism, courts have developed a layered refugee law jurisprudence relying on criminal justice principles, executive orders, corresponding laws, and key international human rights treaties. These efforts have been complemented by the evolution of several formal and informal systems at the grassroots level, such as community-based dispute resolution mechanisms and State-run legal aid services, which have allowed refugee women and girls to access justice systems and seek redress. This article examines the legal strategies adopted by courts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India to uphold the rights of refugee women and girls and to protect survivors of SGBV, in particular.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The journal aims to stimulate research and thinking on the protection of refugees and other displaced persons in international law, taking account of the broadest range of State and international organization practice. In addition, it serves as an essential tool for all engaged in the protection of refugees and other displaced persons and finding solutions to their problems. It provides key information and commentary on today"s critical issues, including the causes of refugee and related movements, internal displacement, the particular situation of women and refugee children, the human rights and humanitarian dimensions of displacement and the displaced, restrictive policies, asylum.
期刊最新文献
International Protection for Criminals: To Grant or Not to Grant? Lessons from Australia, Belgium, and Canada Constitutionalizing Protection for Refugee Women and Girls in South Asia Financial Crimes as ‘Serious Non-Political Crimes’: Consequences for the Concepts of Seriousness and Unworthiness in Exclusion Law The Gender- and Sexuality-Based Harms of Refugee Externalization: A Role for Human Rights Due Diligence Aligning United States Law with International Norms Would Remove Major Barriers to Protection in Gender Claims
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1