南亚难民妇女和女童保护的宪法化

Roshni Shanker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

南亚地区仍然是强迫移民的中心。妇女约占该地区难民人口的一半,其中许多人在原籍国和逃亡期间遭受性暴力和基于性别的暴力(SGBV)的创伤。该地区批准 1951 年《难民公约》的国家不多,制定国内庇护法的国家也很少,而是依靠临时政策、核心法治原则和宪法规定来帮助难民获得基本的法律保护。南亚的许多难民没有明确的法律地位,这可能会加剧包括性暴力和基于性别的暴力在内的侵权行为。多年来,通过司法能动性,法院依据刑事司法原则、行政命令、相应法律和重要的国际人权条约,形成了多层次的难民法判例。与这些努力相辅相成的是在基层发展起来的一些正式和非正式制度,如基于社区的争端解决机制和国家提供的法律援助服务,这些制度使难民妇女和女童能够诉诸司法系统并寻求补救。本文探讨了孟加拉国、巴基斯坦和印度法院为维护难民妇女和女童的权利,尤其是保护性暴力和基于性别的暴力幸存者所采取的法律策略。
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Constitutionalizing Protection for Refugee Women and Girls in South Asia
The South Asian region remains an epicentre of forced migration. Women comprise about half the region’s refugee population, and many are traumatized by sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced in their countries of origin and during flight. The 1951 Refugee Convention is not well ratified in the region and few States have developed domestic asylum laws, relying instead on ad hoc policies, core rule of law principles, and constitutional provisions to facilitate refugees’ access to essential legal protections. Many refugees in South Asia do not have a clear legal status, which can exacerbate rights violations, including SGBV. Over the years, through judicial activism, courts have developed a layered refugee law jurisprudence relying on criminal justice principles, executive orders, corresponding laws, and key international human rights treaties. These efforts have been complemented by the evolution of several formal and informal systems at the grassroots level, such as community-based dispute resolution mechanisms and State-run legal aid services, which have allowed refugee women and girls to access justice systems and seek redress. This article examines the legal strategies adopted by courts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India to uphold the rights of refugee women and girls and to protect survivors of SGBV, in particular.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The journal aims to stimulate research and thinking on the protection of refugees and other displaced persons in international law, taking account of the broadest range of State and international organization practice. In addition, it serves as an essential tool for all engaged in the protection of refugees and other displaced persons and finding solutions to their problems. It provides key information and commentary on today"s critical issues, including the causes of refugee and related movements, internal displacement, the particular situation of women and refugee children, the human rights and humanitarian dimensions of displacement and the displaced, restrictive policies, asylum.
期刊最新文献
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