Jinxiu Liu, Zhenghan Peng, Chao Tan, Lei Yang, Ruodan Xu, Zegao Wang
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引用次数: 0
摘要
单光子探测器(SPD)是一种高灵敏度的光探测技术,能够在极低的光强水平下探测单个光子。该技术主要依靠主流单光子探测器,如光电倍增管(PMT)、雪崩光电二极管(SAPD)、超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)、超导过渡边传感器(TES)和混合卤化铅过氧化物。然而,SPD 的复杂性和高制造成本,以及对低温环境等特殊条件的要求,给其广泛应用带来了巨大挑战。为了应对 SPD 所面临的挑战,人们一直致力于提高其性能。在本综述中,我们首先总结了几种 SPD 的原理和技术挑战。导体、超导体、半导体、三维块体材料、二维薄膜材料、一维纳米线和零维量子点都曾被讨论用于单光子探测器。为了提高单光子探测器的性能,人们采用了特殊光学结构、波导集成和应变工程等方法。这些技术增强了材料的光吸收并调节了材料的带状结构,从而提高了单光子灵敏度。本综述概述了单光子探测器的现状和未来挑战,旨在为光子探测技术提出潜在的解决方案。
Emerging single-photon detection technique for high-performance photodetector
Single-photon detections (SPDs) represent a highly sensitive light detection technique capable of detecting individual photons at extremely low light intensity levels. This technology mainly relies on the mainstream SPDs, such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), avalanche photodiodes (SAPD), superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES), and hybrid lead halide perovskite. However, the complexity and high manufacturing cost, coupled with the requirement of special conditions like a low-temperature environment, pose significant challenges to the wide adoption of SPDs. To address the challenges faced by SPDs, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing their performance. In this review, we first summarize the principles and technical challenges of several SPDs. Conductors, superconductors, semiconductors, 3D bulk materials, 2D film materials, 1D nanowires, and 0D quantum dots have all been discussed for single-photon detectors. Methods such as special optical structure, waveguide integration, and strain engineering have been employed to elevate the performance of single-photon detectors. These techniques enhance light absorption and modulate the band structure of the material, thereby improving the single-photon sensitivity. By providing an overview of the current situation and future challenges of SPDs, this review aims to propose potential solutions for photon detection technology.
期刊介绍:
Frontiers of Physics is an international peer-reviewed journal dedicated to showcasing the latest advancements and significant progress in various research areas within the field of physics. The journal's scope is broad, covering a range of topics that include:
Quantum computation and quantum information
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Condensed matter physics, material sciences, and interdisciplinary research
Particle, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology
The journal's mission is to highlight frontier achievements, hot topics, and cross-disciplinary points in physics, facilitating communication and idea exchange among physicists both in China and internationally. It serves as a platform for researchers to share their findings and insights, fostering collaboration and innovation across different areas of physics.