关于阿拉伯半岛地区地下水位变化状况及相关社会经济可持续性挑战的卫星重力测量观测结果

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Groundwater for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101270
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地下水是阿拉伯半岛地区的重要资源。人口的增长、农业活动的增加以及海湾合作委员会(GCC)国家(巴林、科威特、阿曼、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国)对经济多样化和旅游业的倾向,都增加了对淡水的需求。由于气候变化和多变的天气模式,情况变得更加复杂。由于条件干旱,补给量大多小于取水量,从而导致地下水位随着时间的推移而下降。在这项研究中,我们利用重力恢复和气候实验(GRACE/GRACE-FO)的 MASCON 解决方案、全球陆地数据同化系统(GLDAS)的土壤水分以及全球降水任务综合多卫星检索(IMERG)的降雨数据,对该地区过去二十年(2002-2023 年)的等效水厚度(EWT)和降雨模式进行了观测。结果表明,沙特阿拉伯的水位几乎以线性速率下降,线性回归模型与数据非常吻合(沙特阿拉伯不同城市的 R2 值(决定系数)≥ 0.94)。在 Al Jouf 地区,水量下降率最高,为-1.69 厘米/年,比之前的计算结果高出 43%。萨那(也门)的水量下降率最低,为-0.13 厘米/年。此外,所有其他研究地点的地下水都呈下降趋势。在沙特阿拉伯的麦加、麦地那、利雅得和达曼,下降率分别为-0.36、-0.48、-0.72 和 -0.48(厘米/年)。科威特、阿联酋迪拜和艾因的地下水减少率类似,均为-0.19 厘米/年。在阿曼的 Masqat,地下水下降率为-0.22 厘米/年。此外,在最近的数据中,我们还可以看到较高的季节振幅,这表明最近的 EWT 数据波动较大。如果继续以同样的速度开采水资源,这一重要资源将成为稀有商品。有限的水供应很可能成为社会、农业和工业进一步发展的限制因素。因此,有必要对现行的水资源管理和保护政策进行重大审查和调整。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Satellite gravimetry observations on the state of groundwater level variability in the Arabian Peninsula Region and the associated socio-economic sustainability challenges

Groundwater is an important resource for the Arabian Peninsula Region. The population increase, rise in agricultural activities, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) inclination towards economic diversification and tourism promotion have heightened the freshwater demand. As a result of climate change and varying weather patterns, the situation has become more complicated. Due to arid conditions, recharge is mostly less than withdrawal which consequently results in underground water level decline over time. In the research, we have used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE/GRACE-FO) MASCON solutions, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) soil moisture, and the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) rainfall data to observe the Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT), and rainfall patterns in this region for the past two decades (2002–2023). The results indicate that in Saudi Arabia the water level is declining nearly at a linear rate and the linear regression model fits well with the data (R2 value, the coefficient of determination, for different cities of Saudi Arabia is ≥ 0.94). In the Al Jouf Area, the water decline is the highest at −1.69 cm/year which is 43% greater than the previous calculations. The lowest decline rate is in Sanaa (Yemen) which is −0.13 cm/year. Furthermore, all the other studied locations show a groundwater declining trend. In Saudi Arabia's Makkah, Madina, Riyadh, and Damam the reduction rate is −0.36, −0.48, −0.72, and −0.48 (cm/year) respectively. Kuwait, UAE's Dubai, and Al Ain show a similar groundwater reduction rate of −0.19 cm/year. In Oman's Masqat, the groundwater decline rate is −0.22 cm/year. Also, in the recent data, one can see the higher seasonal amplitudes that are indicative of greater fluctuations in EWT data in recent times. If water mining continues at the same pace, this important resource can become a rare commodity. Limited water supply can likely become a limiting factor for further social, agricultural, and industrial development. That's why major reviews and shifts are necessary in the current policies related to water resource management and conservation.

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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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