The Geological History of Enceladus' Cratered Terrains

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the geomorphology, crater distributions, and tectonic structures within Enceladus' cratered terrains. We analyzed the distributions of impact craters and tectonic structures in seven regions of interest to inform an interpretation of the geological history of this terrain in the context of Enceladus' global evolution. We found that the tectonic structures, including both ancient, subdued troughs and young, narrow fractures, point to a cratered terrain that not only experienced early tectonic modification but also shows evidence of recent geological activity. Ancient troughs present in the equatorial cratered terrains are similar in scale and orientation to troughs present in the Leading and Trailing Hemisphere Terrains, an observation that supports possible non-synchronous rotation of the ice shell. A dearth of impact craters in the equatorial regions as identified previously does not hold for craters <3 km in diameter in the anti-Saturnian hemisphere. The anomalous presence of excess small craters in this region could be due to secondary or sesquinary impacts from a catastrophic event occurring at Enceladus or a neighboring moon. Finally, narrow fractures are pervasive across the cratered terrains and are most commonly oriented parallel or sub-parallel to the most proximal cratered terrain boundary. This directionality of pervasive recent fracturing could be related to the vertical movement of an isostatically uncompensated ice shell. Enceladus' cratered terrains provide insight into the long-term evolution of the satellite, an important component to assessing its role in Solar System evolution and its potential for habitability.