创伤后应激障碍的执行功能:了解抑制、转换和测试模式如何影响反应时间。

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI:10.1037/neu0000964
Diane Swick, Sandy J Lwi, Jary Larsen, Victoria Ashley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与执行功能缺陷有关,但文献表明这些关联并不一致。结果因所使用的任务、测试方式以及所测量的特定子域(如抑制控制(干扰解决、反应抑制)或集合转换(任务转换、规则转换))而有所不同。值得注意的是,与传统的纸笔测量相比,在测量精确反应时间(RT)的计算机化任务中更能持续观察到执行功能缺陷,但很少有研究利用对RT数据的详细分析来解析创伤后应激障碍患者的具体执行功能缺陷:方法:本研究使用了一种提示-转换 Stroop 任务来检测 28 名患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人和 28 名年龄匹配的对照者的干扰解决和任务转换能力。每次试验要求注意随机出现的提示,并对指定目标做出反应,同时忽略无关或相反的信息。对RT分布的分析估计了高斯(正态分布)和外高斯(指数分布)参数:结果:与对照组相比,患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人在需要忽略冲突信息(干扰解决,d' = .68)的试验中的反应时间更慢,变化更大。这些影响仅限于正态分布,而不是过慢的反应(根据外高斯参数估算)。患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人在需要切换线索的试验中也表现出适度较慢的反应时间,但贝叶斯证据不足,而且根据外高斯参数进行的测量也不显著:这些结果凸显了以更细致的方法研究创伤后应激障碍患者执行功能的重要性,因为明确这些缺陷可能会对未来的干预和康复策略产生重要影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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Executive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Understanding how inhibition, switching, and test modality affect reaction times.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to deficits in executive functioning, but the literature suggests these associations are inconsistent. Results vary depending on the task used, test modality, and the specific subdomain being measured, such as inhibitory control (interference resolution, response inhibition) or set shifting (task switching, rule switching). Notably, deficits are more consistently observed in computerized tasks that measure precise reaction times (RTs) than in classic paper-and-pencil measures, but few studies have parsed specific executive functioning deficits in PTSD using detailed analyses of RT data.

Method: The present study used a cued-switching Stroop Task to examine both interference resolution and task switching in 28 veterans with PTSD and 28 age-matched controls. Each trial required attending to a randomly presented cue and responding to the specified target while ignoring irrelevant or opposing information. Analyses of RT distributions estimated both Gaussian (normal) and ex-Gaussian (exponential) parameters.

Results: Veterans with PTSD had slower and more variable RTs than the controls on trials that required ignoring conflicting information (interference resolution, d' = .68). These effects were confined to the normal distribution, not to excessively slow responses (as estimated by ex-Gaussian parameters). Veterans with PTSD also showed modestly slower RTs on trials that required switching between cues, but Bayesian evidence for this was weak, and measures by ex-Gaussian parameters were not significant.

Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of examining executive functioning in PTSD with a more nuanced approach, as clarity around these deficits may have important implications for future intervention and rehabilitation strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.20%
发文量
132
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology publishes original, empirical research; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and theoretical articles on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.
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