法医 DNA 数据库的出现：是时候商定一些国际管理原则了！

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Forensic Science International-Genetics Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103095

Diya Uberoi, Nicole Palmour, Yann Joly

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引用次数: 0

摘要

国家法医 DNA 数据库是一种宝贵的调查工具，有可能提高刑事调查的效率。近年来，该数据库的无限制扩张引发了令人不安的伦理问题，需要密切关注。DNA 数据库的扩张威胁到隐私权、非歧视权和平等权，并可能破坏公众对政府的信任。这篇视角文章以法医 DNA 数据库国际地图研究的数据为基础，记录了这些数据库的扩张情况，强调了它们所引发的伦理问题，并就如何更负责任地使用这一基础设施提出了重要建议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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The advent of forensic DNA databases: It’s time to agree on some international governance principles!

National forensic DNA databases are a valuable investigative tool, that have the potential to increase the efficacy of criminal investigations. Their unfettered expansion in recent years raises unsettling ethical issues that require close attention. DNA database expansion threatens the rights to privacy, non-discrimination, and equality, and can undermine public trust in government. This perspective piece relies on data from an international mapping study of Forensic DNA Databases to document the expansion of these databases, highlight the ethical issues they raise, and propose key recommendations for more responsible use of this infrastructure.

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来源期刊

Forensic Science International-Genetics 生物-医学：法

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

32.30%

发文量

132

审稿时长

11.3 weeks

期刊介绍： Forensic Science International: Genetics is the premier journal in the field of Forensic Genetics. This branch of Forensic Science can be defined as the application of genetics to human and non-human material (in the sense of a science with the purpose of studying inherited characteristics for the analysis of inter- and intra-specific variations in populations) for the resolution of legal conflicts. The scope of the journal includes: Forensic applications of human polymorphism. Testing of paternity and other family relationships, immigration cases, typing of biological stains and tissues from criminal casework, identification of human remains by DNA testing methodologies. Description of human polymorphisms of forensic interest, with special interest in DNA polymorphisms. Autosomal DNA polymorphisms, mini- and microsatellites (or short tandem repeats, STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), X and Y chromosome polymorphisms, mtDNA polymorphisms, and any other type of DNA variation with potential forensic applications. Non-human DNA polymorphisms for crime scene investigation. Population genetics of human polymorphisms of forensic interest. Population data, especially from DNA polymorphisms of interest for the solution of forensic problems. DNA typing methodologies and strategies. Biostatistical methods in forensic genetics. Evaluation of DNA evidence in forensic problems (such as paternity or immigration cases, criminal casework, identification), classical and new statistical approaches. Standards in forensic genetics. Recommendations of regulatory bodies concerning methods, markers, interpretation or strategies or proposals for procedural or technical standards. Quality control. Quality control and quality assurance strategies, proficiency testing for DNA typing methodologies. Criminal DNA databases. Technical, legal and statistical issues. General ethical and legal issues related to forensic genetics.