在南亚半干旱地区的大豆-小麦系统中通过改进农艺实践揭示超吸水性水凝胶的功效

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1111/jac.12730
Rajanna G. Adireddy, Suman Manna, Neeraj Patanjali, Anupama Singh, Anchal Dass, Dibakar Mahanta, Vinod Kumar Singh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于气候变化、严重的环境足迹、要素生产率下降以及自然资源供应减少等原因,全球农业在较高生产率水平上的可持续性令人担忧。在 "印度粮仓"--印度河-恒河平原(IGP),由于地下水减少、气候变化导致降水量不可预测以及种植高耗水作物等多种综合因素的影响,情况正在恶化。为了解决这些问题,在 2019-2021 年期间开展了一项田间试验,以评估本土水凝胶(P-水凝胶和超吸水性聚合物水凝胶-1118)及其应用方法(即种子处理、泥浆应用和土壤应用)对灌溉和雨养条件下大豆-小麦种植系统中作物产量和水分生产率、土壤水分动态和盈利能力的影响。在两个研究年度(2019-2020 年和 2020-2021 年),由于种子发芽率较高,灌溉施用以及超吸水性聚合物水凝胶-1118 的种子处理和泥浆施用比对照提高了 8.1%-26.7%,系统水分生产率提高了 17.6%-33.8%。与对照(未使用水凝胶)相比,使用超吸水性聚合物水凝胶-1118 水凝胶后,灌溉用水量减少了 10 厘米,小麦籽粒产量提高了 8.0%(2019-2020 年)至 32.2%(2020-2021 年)。在施用超强吸水性聚合物水凝胶-1118 和钾水凝胶泥浆的地块,0-15 厘米土层的土壤水分含量也增加了 1.8%-2.4%。因此,用超吸水性聚合物水凝胶-1118 处理种子后,小麦的毛收益率(31.8%)、净收益率(89.8%)和 B:C 率(26.9%)均有所提高,这可能是由于作物产量增加所致。因此,以种子处理(种子包衣)和泥浆施用的形式使用改性水凝胶已证明可提高种子发芽率、作物产量和水分生产率,并使大豆-小麦种植更经济。这种方法提供了一个可行的解决方案,通过减少印度 IGP 以及全球其他类似生态地区的灌溉量,实现可行的大豆和小麦作物生产系统。
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Unveiling Superabsorbent Hydrogels Efficacy Through Modified Agronomic Practices in Soybean–Wheat System Under Semi-Arid Regions of South Asia

The sustainability of global agriculture at higher productivity level is a concern owing to climate change, serious environmental footprints, dipping factor productivity and shrinking availability of natural resources, especially. The situation is worsening in the ‘Food Bowl of India’—Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) by several amalgamated factors, such as declining groundwater, unpredictable precipitation owing to climate change and cultivation of heavy water duty crops. To neutralise these issues, a field experiment was executed for the period 2019–2021 to assess the efficacy of indigenous hydrogels (P-hydrogel and Superabsorbent polymer hydrogel-1118) and their application methods viz., seed treatment, slurry application and soil application on crop yield and water productivity, soil moisture dynamics and profitability in a soybean–wheat cropping system under irrigation and rainfed conditions. In both study years (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), due to higher seed germination percentage, irrigation application together with seed treatment and slurry application of superabsorbent polymer hydrogel-1118 improved system productivity by 8.1%–26.7% and system water productivity by 17.6%–33.8% over control. Wheat grain yield was enhanced by 8.0% (2019–2020) to 32.2% (2020–2021) due to superabsorbent polymer hydrogel-1118 hydrogel with 10 cm lesser use of irrigation water compared with control (no-hydrogel). Soil moisture content in 0–15 cm soil layer was also found higher by 1.8%–2.4% in superabsorbent polymer hydrogel-1118 and P-hydrogel slurry-applied plots. Therefore, higher gross profitability (31.8%), net profitability (89.8%) and B:C (26.9%) in wheat could be attributed to increased crop yields when seeds were treated with superabsorbent polymer hydrogel-1118. Therefore, the utilisation of modified hydrogel application, in the form of seed treatment (seed coating) and slurry application has demonstrated improvement in seed germination, crop yield and water productivity and made soybean–wheat cultivation more economical. This approach presents a feasible solution to achieving a viable production system of soybean and wheat crops by reducing irrigation amounts in the IGP of India, as well as other comparable ecological places worldwide.

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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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